Unable to pass urine (BPH)

Unable to pass urine (BPH)

1. Anatomy of the prostate

2. Physiology of micturition

3. Causes and pathogenesis

4. Signs & symptoms + risk factors

   • Frequency, Urgency, Nocturia, Weak stream, Intermittency, Straining, Emptying incomplete
   • Age, Family history, Lifestyle

5. Differential diagnosis of:

   • Impaired emptying of the bladder
     • Urethral obstruction
     • detrusor areflexia
   • Frequent urination
     • UTI, Diabetes, Pregnancy, Enlarged prostate, Diuretic use.

6. Staging

7. Complications

   • Urinary retention, Urinary tract infections (UTIs), Bladder stones, Bladder damage, Kidney damage.
     • Causes of urine retention

8. Investigations

   • Urodynamic Tests, Filling Cystometry, Electromyography, Uroflowmetry

9. Management

   • Herbal medicine
     • Saw palmetto, Stinging nettle, Pumpkin seeds

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