Yay Buzz Words!

Yay Buzz Words!

1. Neo Psychoanalytical

   • Karen Horney
     • Feminist approach to Freud
     • Female penis envy: Product of social/cultural influences
     • Neuroticism
       • Unhappy people trying to form relationships
       • They tend to emit their insecurities onto other people - not attractive
       • They deal with this by: Moving Toward, Away From or Against people
         • Away: Asocial, socially indifferent
         • Toward: Clingy, seeking acceptance
         • Against: Forceful, bossy
     • Strengths
       • Considers social
     • Limitations
       • Untested
       • Limited in content: Basically just Neurotic

2. Psychoanalytical

   • Freud
     • Strengths
       • Strongly influenced psychology
       • Therapy can treat people
     • Limitations
       • Based off clinical case studies
         • Abnormality
         • Doesnt apply to most
       • Cant be tested
   • Personality is the result of:
     • Defense mechanisms
       • Repression
       • Projection
       • Rationalisation
     • Psychosexual stages of development
       • Oral, Anal, Phallic etc.
     • Internal/Subconscious conflict with the ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

3. Humanistic

   • Maslow
     • heirachy
     • Strengths
       • Focus human achievement rather than disorder
       • Widely accepted
       • Structured Heirachy
     • Limitations
       • Disregards culture
       • Unscientific
   • Rogers
     • Self Congruence
       • Consistency in IDEA of self and REALITY
         • Anxiety comes from distorting experiences that threaten sonsistency
         • Psychotherapy: Client centred Supportive not reconstructive
     • Strengths
       • Consideres human potential not disorder
     • Limitations
   • Focused on personal differences
   • Thinking rationally

4. Behaviourist

5. Types & Traits

   • Allport
     • Dictionaries
     • 4000 ways to describe perosnality
     • Refined to 171
     • 3 categories
       • Cardinal: Deep, influences behaviour, thoughts, feelings
       • Central: Not so deep
       • Secondary: Superficial (STATE)
     • Strengths
       • Descriptive
       • Clear
       • Structured Heirachy
     • Limitations
       • Some traits arent solely indipendant
       • Some traits are very similar
       • Descriptive not explantory
       • Cultural consideration
       • Didnt use factor analysis
   • Cattell
     • Refined 171 to 16
     • 16 traits were the source of all human personality
     • 16 factor personality test
     • Adventurous - Shy Outgoing - Reserved
     • Strengths
       • Used factor analysis
       • Test used for job interviews etc.
     • Limitations
       • Some traits are similar/ not independent of each other
   • McCrae & Costa
     • Refined 16 to 5
     • 5: The roots of all human personality
     • Big Five Personality test
     • Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Nearoticism
       • Took me 5 minutes to spell Conscientiousness -.-
     • Strengths
       • Common test
       • Functional: Predicts behaviour
     • Limitations
       • Over simplified
       • Neuroticism isn't a common trait
       • Descriptive not explanitory
       • Factors influence each other

6. Psychosocial

   • Albert Bandura
     • Triadic Reciprocal Model
       • Interaction between...
         • Enviro
         • Behaviour
         • Psychological processes
         • Defines personality
     • Strengths
       • Positive
       • Self empowering
       • Curing personality disroders
     • Limitations
       • Therapy can cause people to become overconfident in themselves
       • Very ambiguous results

7. Biological

   • Contemporary
     • genes
     • Nervous system makeup
     • Neurotransmitters
     • Hormones
       • Testosterone
         • Sex drive
       • Estrogen
         • Emotional stability
     • Strengths
       • Can be scientifically proven
     • Limitations
       • Doesnt account for social/cultural environmental influences
       • Nature not nurture
   • Historical
     • Phrenology (shape of head)
     • Body Types
       • Endomurph
     • Physionomy (shape of face)
     • Bodily fluids
     • Took physical traits and associated them with personality traits
     • Strengths
       • Was the first consideration of personality traits
     • Limitations
       • Has been proven wrong
       • Made loose connections to suit hypotheses

8. GENERAL PERSONALITY

   • DISORDERS
   • Unique, relatively consistent PATTERN of BEHAVIOUR, THOUGHTS & FEELINGS
     • How you handle situations
     • Sense of humour
     • Expectations of others