Raspberry WSU Program

Raspberry WSU Program

1. Structures

   • Roots
     • Perennial
   • Summer Fruiting Varieties
     • Canes
       • Primocanes
         • First yr canes
         • Vegetative only
       • Floricane
         • Second Yr canes
         • Lateral Nodes Produce Fruit
         • Canes die off after fruiting
       • Biennial
     • Examples
       • Meeker
   • Fall Fruiting Varieties
     • Examples
       • Heritage
     • Canes
       • Primocane
         • Fruiting at Tips
         • Production based on variety
         • First yr cane
       • Biennial
       • Floricane
         • Dies off after harvest
         • 2nd Yr canes
         • Fruiting by lateral nodes
   • Trellising
     • 8-12 canes per hill
     • 2 bundles per hill attached to wires

2. Breeding

   • Goals
     • Flavor
     • Firmness
     • Color (Processing
     • High Yield
     • Machine Harvestable
     • Root Rot Tolerant
     • Virus Resistant
   • Process
     • Consult with Growers
     • Preform Crosses
     • Make Selections
       • 1-2% Selected
     • Plant 8-10 Plots with growers
     • Second Selections
       • 10% Best Selected
       • Selections Replicated in WSU plots
     • Harvest Data
     • Root Rot Plots
     • Plant 8-10 Plots with growers (again
     • Machine Harvest Selected few
     • 10% Selected
     • Plant with growers
     • Release
   • Machine Harvestability
     • Harvseted every 1-3 days
       • Approx. 15-20 times/season
     • Machine Requirements
       • 1 machine/20 acres
     • Importance
       • Reduces required labor
       • Provides more uniform, better quality fruit
   • Crosses
     • Preform 50-6-/year
     • Emasculate 3-5 flowers/bag
     • 2-3 bags/crosses
     • Goal: 200 Seeds/Cross
     • Seed Treatments
       • Scarify
         • Weakening of seed coat
           • Mechanical, Themally, Chemically
         • Done through Sulfuric Acid
       • Stratification
         • Purpose: End Seed Dormancy
         • Place in cold temperatures
           • Simulates being in soil during winter and encourages germination
         • Performed for 6 weeks
           • Then sown in Greenhouse
   • Selections
     • Evaluation occurs 2 yrs after initial planting
       • Once/week
       • 1% Selected
     • Criterea
       • Vigor
       • Health
         • Root rot tolerance specifically
       • Yield
       • Growth Habit
       • Quality
         • Appearance
         • Color
         • Firmness
         • Integrity
         • Flavor
       • Shape of receptacles
     • Flagged Selections are propagated via Tissue culture
     • Selections must occur quickly as done during harvest

3. Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV)

   • Largest disease issue in Raspberries
   • Symptoms
     • No vegetative symptoms
       • Exception, some cultivars gain yellowed leaves
     • Fruit
       • Crumbles
       • Rounded recepticle
       • Lower Yields
       • Lower Quality overall
   • Management
     • Replanted every 6 yrs
       • No resistant cultivars Commercially
   • Pollen borne pathogen
   • Breeding for Resistance
     • Controlled by single gene
     • Difficulties
       • Delayed Infection
       • Many Strains
         • Even within Puyallup plots
     • Resistant cultivars avaliable
       • Not used commerically
       • Only for some strains
     • Tolerance Goal

4. Pullayup

5. Root Rot

   • Management
     • Raised Beds
     • Gypsum
     • Fungicides
     • Tolerant Cultivars

6. Common Cultivars

   • Meeker
     • 1967 WSU Release
     • Replaced Willamette
     • Desirable Qualities
       • Easy Machine Harvested
       • Good Flavor
       • Long Fruiting Laterals
       • High Yields
   • Wakefield
     • 2008 Release
     • Desirable Qualities
       • High Yield
       • Processes well
       • High Quality fruit percentage
     • Not easily propagated
   • Tulameen
     • 1989 Release
     • Desirable Qualities
       • Large Fruit
       • Good Flavor
       • Long season, late season