Abdomin

Abdomin

1. Boundaries

   • Superior: diaphragm
   • anterior and lateral: abdominal muscles
   • Posterior: lumbar vertebrae and quadratus
   • Inferior: iliac crests, superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercle, pubic crest, pubic symphysis

2. Abdominal regions (9)

   • Right Hypocondriac
   • Epigastric
     • Liver
     • Stomach
     • Gallbladder
     • Transverse colon
     • Pancreas
   • Left Hypocondriac
     • Stomach
     • Spleen
     • Pancreas
     • Splenic flexure of large intestine
   • Right Lumbar
   • Umbilical
   • Left Lumbar
   • Right Iliac
   • Hypogastric
   • Left Iliac

3. 4 areas

   • anterior and lateral abdominal walls
     • abdominal muscles
   • Inguinal region
     • Inguinal ligament
     • Inguinal canal
       • Males
         • Ilioinguinal N
         • Spermatic cord
           • Vas Deferens
           • Testicular artery
           • Pampiniform venous plexus from testicular vein
           • Genital branch of genitofemoral N
       • Females
         • Round ligament of uterus
         • Ilioinguinal N
         • Genital branch of genitofemoral N
   • Posterior abdominal wall
     • Lumbar spine
     • Lumbar plexus
       • Ventral rami of L1 to L5 spinal nerves
       • L2-L4 divide as pass through psoas
         • Anterior division
           • Obturator N
             • L2, L3, L4
           • part of genitofemoral N
             • L2
           • part of lumbosacral trunk
             • L4,L5
         • Posterior division
           • lateral femoral cutaneous
             • L2,L3
           • femoral nerve
             • L2, L3, L4
           • accessory obturator N
   • Abdominal cavity
     • Organs
     • Vessels

4. Quadrants (4)

   • Midline from diploid process to pubic symphysis & across the level of umbilicus
     • Right Upper Quadrant
       • Liver
         • Right lobe
       • Gallbladder
       • Stomach
         • Pylorus
       • Duodenum
         • Parts 1-3
       • Pancreas
         • Head
       • Right Sprarenal gland
       • Right Kidney
       • Right colic (hepatic) flexure
       • Ascending colon
         • superior part
       • Transverse colon
         • right half
     • Right Lower Quadrant
       • Cecum
       • Appendix
       • Most of ileum
       • Ascending colon
         • inferior part
       • Right ovary
       • Right uterine tube
       • Right ureter
         • Abdominal part
       • Right spermatic cord
         • Abdominal part
       • Uterus
         • If enlarged
       • Urinary bladder
         • If very full
     • Left Upper Quadrant
       • Liver
         • Left lobe
       • Spleen
       • Stomach
       • Jejunum and proximal ileum
       • Pancreas
         • body and tail
       • Left kidney
       • Left suprarenal gland
       • Left colic (splenic) flexure
       • Transverse colon
         • Left half
       • Descending colon
         • Superior part
     • Left Lower Quadrant
       • Sigmoid colon
       • Descending colon
         • Inferior part
       • Left ovary
       • Left uterine tube
       • Left ureter
         • abdominal part
       • Left spermatic cord
         • Abdominal part
       • Uterus
         • If enlarged
       • Urinary bladder
         • If very full

5. Planes (9)

   • Transpyloric plane
     • intervertebral disc between L1 and L2
       • Through the pylorus of the stomach
   • Subcostal plane
     • Intervertebral disc between L2 and L3
       • Lowest level of the costal cartilage
   • Transumbilical plane
     • Intervertebral disc between L3 and L4
       • Umbilicus
   • Supracrestal plane
     • Through the body of L4
       • Highest border of the ilia crest
   • Transtubercular plane
     • Through the body of L5
       • Through the iliac tubercles
   • Interspinous plane
     • Through the promontory of the sacrum
       • Through the ASIS
   • Plane of the 5th intercostal space
     • Intervertebral disc between T10 and T11
       • Upper level of the diaphragm
   • Right mid-clavicular plane
     • None
       • Through the middle of the clavicle and the inguinal ligament
   • Left mid-clavicular plane