abdominal wall

abdominal wall

1. boundaries

   • superior: diaphragm
   • anterior and lateral: abdominal muscles
   • posterior: lumbar vertebrae and quadratus
   • inferior: iliac crest, sup iliac spin, inguinal ligaments, pubic tubercle, pubic crest, pubic symphysis

2. areas

   • anterior and lateral abdominal walls
     • abdominal muscles
   • inguinal region
     • inguinal ligament and canal
   • posterior abdominal wall
     • lumbar spine
     • lumbar plexus
   • abdominal cavity
     • organs
     • vessels

3. regions

   • right hypochondriac region
   • epigastric
     • liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, splenic flexure of large intestine
     • uppermost section of rectus abdominis
   • left hypochondriac
   • right lumbar
   • umbilical
   • left lumbar
   • right iliac
   • hypogastric
   • left iliac

4. plane

   • transpyloric
     • vertebral level" disc between L1 and L2
     • structure: through the pylorus of stomach
   • subcostal plane
     • vertebral level: intervertebral disc between L2 and L3
     • structure: lowest level of costal cartilage
   • trans umbilical plane
     • intervertebral disc between L3 and L4
     • structure: umbilicus
   • supracrestal plane
     • vertebral level: through body of L4
     • structure: highest border if ilia crest
   • trans tubular plane
     • vertebral layer: through the body of L5
     • structure: through iliac tubercles
   • interspinous
     • vertebral level: through promontory of sacrum
     • structure: through anterior superior iliac spine
   • right mid clavicular
     • structure: through middle of clavicle and inguinal ligament
   • left mid-clavicular
     • structure: through middle of clavicle and inguinal ligament

5. innervation

   • intercostal nerves from T6
   • subcostal N
   • iliohypogastric N

6. rectus sheath

   • epigastric region
     • external abdominal obliques split and from ant and post sheath
   • umbilical region
     • anterior: aponeurosis of ext and int oil
     • posteriorly: fascia transversalis: thin layer of CT
   • linea alba
     • interceding of L/R rectus sheath in midline
     • xiphoid process to pubic symphysis