Ammonia

Ammonia

1. bonding and structure

   • covalent bonding
   • simple molecular structure
     • low boiling point
       • Little energy needed to overcome weak intermolecular forces

2. collection and drying of gases

   • less dense than air, soluble and alkaline gas
     • test for gas: turns moist red litmus blue
     • collect gas using upward delivery or gas syringe
     • dry using fused calcium chloride or calcium oxide

3. Alkali

4. Ammonium salts

   • used as fertilisers

5. diffusion

   • Ammonia has lower Mr of 17 than HCl (Mr = 35.5), so it diffuses faster
   • Diffusion is the constant random movement of gas from region of higher conc to region of lower con

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