Mindmap

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Lance Pickell Englisch

Inhalt der Mindmap

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Size and Scale
- size
  - SI
    - length
      - meter
        m
      - examples
        earth
        1300 km
        sun
        100 earth
        solar systems
        1000 suns
        one solar system
        local steller neighborhood
        10 ly
        6000 solar systems
        local steller neighborhood
        10,000
        1 milky way galaxy
        10,000 ly
        1 milky way
        30 milky way
        galaxy group
        3,00,000 ly
        large scale struct is 200 groups of these
    - mass
      - gram
        g
    - time
      - year
        365 days
        1 day
        24 hrs
        1 hr
        60 minutes
        1 minute
        60 seconds
        1 second
    - SI
      - angle
        1 circle
        1 degree
        360 degrees in a circle
        1 degree
        60 arcminutes
        1 arcminute
        60 arcseconds
  - speed of light
    - 3x10^8m/s
    - year
      - 365 days
      - formula
        d=speed x time
        1 ly
        1 ly = c * 1 yr
        c
        3x10^8 m/s
- scale
  - nomenclature
    - scientific notation
      - 10^-9
        nano
        .0000000001
      - 10^-6
        micro
        .0000001
      - 10^-3
        milli
        .001
      - 10^-2
        centi
        0.01
      - 10^3
        kilo
        1,000
      - 10^6
        100000000
      - 10^9
        giga
        1 billion
    - mathmateical concept of numbers
constellations
sphere
motion
- solar system
  - moon
    - lunar phases
    - months
  - earth
  - eclipse
    - seasons
- precession
  - hipparchus
    - knew first
  - top must be non spherical
    - have to have external force
      - also cannot have perpendicular force
        this is called top procession
  - axial
    - gradual shift in orientation
      - look at a dreydel
        geometry of a cone
        apex
      - every 25772 yeras
    - rotational axis
    - gravity induced
    - north celestial pole moves 20 arc seconds every years
  - earth
    - 360 degree
      - every 26000 tropical years
        tropical year
        time to go around the sun
    - earths axis
      - points toward the sun 20 minutes earlier each year
        tropic year begin 20 minutes eralier than they would if there were no processsion
        seasons change
        1300 years northern hemi winter will be where northern hemisoher summer was
  - lunar phases
    - phases
      - determinant
        illumination
        direction
        viewer
      - 29.5
        days
      - wax
        grow
      - waning
        die
      - crescent
      - gibbous
    - moons motion
      - 360 degree around the earth every 27.3 days
        sidereal month
      - tidal locking
        moon rotates every 27.3 days
        why we always see the same side of the moon
        revolutions jointly with earth
        cycles take longer to repeat
        phase cycle repeats every 29.5
        synodic month
      - lunar month
      - lunar eclipse
        order sun earth moon
        earth shadow
        bigger
        entire moon can fit behind it
        total eclipse umbral shadow
        107 minutes
        partial
        umbral shadow
        up to 4 hours
        penumbral
        do no dim the moon enough for human eye to notice
    - solar eclipse
      - order
        sun moon earth
        earth shadow cant fit in moons shadow
      - total ecl
        umbral shadow
        7 minutes
      - partial
        penumbral shadow
        157 minutes
    - annular eclipse
      - moons orbit
        around sun
        is eccentric
        moon is moving away from the earth
        3.8 cm /year
        wont be a solar eclipse
        in 1 billion years
      - variablitiy
        distance from earth
        14 percent
        angular size varies
        between 29.3 and 34.1 arc seconds
      - looks like a ring of fire
    - SAROS CYCLE
      - PATTERN OF ECLIPSES
        EQUATIONS
        N= 1 ECLIPSE YEAR
        M =
        is a period of approximately 223 synodic months
        start in the same postion
        1/3 day, Earth rotates an additional ≈ 360°/3 = 120° and consequently eclipses do not reoccur at the same longitudes compared to the last cycle.
        However, after three cycles, Earth rotates an additional ≈ 360° and consequently eclipses do reoccur at approximately the same longitudes (and latitudes) compared to three cycles ago.
        6585 1 3 days.
        earth spins 130 degrees in one day
      - approximately 6585.3211 days, or 18 years, 11 days, 8 hours
        The earliest discovered historical record of what is known as the saros is by Chaldean (neo-Babylonian) astronomers in the last several centuries BC
- coordinate
  - system
    - y
      - lattitude
        scale
        lower limit
        -90
        south pole
        upper limit
        90
        north pole
        middle
        equator
        0
        unique lattitudes
        Arctic Circle (+67.6°) and above • Northern hemisphere summer solstice: 24-hour days • Northern hemisphere winter solstice: 24-hour nights
        Tropic of Cancer (+23.4°) Northern hemisphere summer solstice: Sun directly overhead at midday
        Equator (0°) Always: 12-hour days/12-hour nights
        Tropic of Capricorn (–23.4°) Southern hemisphere summer solstice: Sun directly overhead at midday
        antartic circle
        (–67.6°) and below • Southern hemisphere summer solstice: 24-hour days • Southern hemisphere winter solstice: 24-hour nights
    - x
      - longitutde
        0 to 360
  - celestial spher
    - right ascension
      - 0-360
    - declination
      - -90 to +90
        -90
        south celestial pole
        stars rotate around these poles
        +90
        north celestial pole
    - rotation
      - east to west
      - earth
        west to east
        rotates counterclockwise
        viewer
        top down
        solar day
        one rotation
        dinural motion
        stars
        sidereal day
        sidus
        star in latin
        24 sidereal hours
        23:56 solar hours
        1 sidereal hour
        earth rotates
        every 4 sideral minutes
        1 degree
        sidereral month
        27.3 solar days
        synodic month (moon)
        29.5 days
        if they dont rise or set
        circumpolar
        different than sideral day
        axis movement
        4 unique creations
        summer soltisce
        1st day of summer
        Typically June 21st in the northern hemisphere
        Typically December 21st in the southern hemisphere
        Longest day of the year Sun at midday highest in the sky
        autumnal equinox
        sep 21st in north
        not oriented towards of away sun
        sep 21st in southern
        not oriented towards of away sun
        winter solstice
        1st day of winter • Typically December 21st in the northern hemisphere • Typically June 21st in the southern hemisphere • Shortest day of the year • Sun at midday lowest in the sky
        vernal equinox
        1st day of spring • Typically March 21st in the northern hemisphere • Typically September 21st in the southern hemisphere • Neither hemisphere oriented toward nor away from the sun • 12-hour days/12-hour nights
        moving around the sun
        360 degree
        365.24 solar days
        creates a revolving angle
        360/365
        solar day is 3.9 minutes longer
        .98 x 15 degrees per hour
    - celestial sphere
- imaginary axis
Time
- sideral
- solar
- seasons
- saros cycle

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Beschreibung: Chapter 1
Erstellt von: Lance Pickell
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