The world of globalisation.

The world of globalisation.

1. Countries and levels of development

   • Developed countries
     • The interests of governments continue to be considered more important than other things
     • This group is made up of rich countries that control international institutions
     • They are industrialized countries in which tertiary sector is the most powerful part the economy
     • They trade relations often assist with their development. They have democratic political systems
     • High levels of cultural and social development
     • Per capita GDP is very high, as is consumption
   • Developing countries
     • Consumption per capita is very low
     • Very little industrialization
     • Political instability
     • They are dependent of the developed countries
     • Emerging economies
       • High rates of economic growth
       • A level of industrialization that is sometimes even higher than developed countries

2. International decision-making bodies

   • The United Nations
     • The UN is an international organization which includes every officially recognized state in the world
       • It was created in 1945 following the Second World War
     • Main functions of UN
       • To guarantee international security and peace
       • Defend human rights
       • To provide humanitarian aid
     • Organs of UN
       • General Assembly
         • Deliberation
       • Security Council
         • Decision
       • Secretariat
         • Proposing, putting into practice and supervising actions
       • International court of justice
         • Trying and setting case
     • Limitations of the UN
       • Dependence on financial contributions
         • Some countries don’t pay on time
         • Others use this contributions to try to influence the organization’s decisions
       • The enormous power held by the five countries with the power of veto
         • They can block any decision
       • The lack of armed forces
         • This is compensated by peacekeepers
     • UN Organs
       • FAO
         • Food and Agriculture Organization
       • ILO
         • International Labour Organization
       • UNESCO
         • United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
       • WHO
         • World Health Organization
       • UNICEF
         • United Nations Children’s Fund
       • UNHCR
         • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
   • Non-governmental organizations
     • Most of their staff work as volunteers although they do also have paid employees
     • They are founded by membership fees and contributions from companies, institutions and individuals
     • They operate independently of any governmental power
     • They deal with a wide variety of problems
   • Regional organizations
     • Countries around the world
     • European Union (EU)
     • African Union (AU)
     • Association of Southeast Asian Nations
     • Organization of American States
   • Informal Forums
     • G7 (1973)
       • This group is made up of the countries with the most military and economic power
       • G7 doesn ́t have any decisión- making power, but the group ́s proposals regarding policies and economics are often later put into practice by international organisations
       • United States Japan Germany United Kingdom France Italy Canada
     • BRICS
       • Brazil Russia India China South Africa
       • They believe that international organisations should be reformed so that there is more proportional representation. This would reflect the influence of these countries on today ́s economy
   • Economic organizations
     • The World Trade Organization
     • North American Free Trade Agreements
     • International Monetary Fund
       • AIM
         • Prevent financial crises
         • To encourage economic stability
       • Method
         • It advises governments on economic matters
         • Gives loans to members countries

3. Economic globalization

   • Tertiarisation and financialisation
   • Concentration of wealth
   • Multinationals
   • Government bodies are now of secondary importance
   • Economic instability and increased inequality
   • Relocation of industry
   • Unemployment and loss of purchasing power

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