Rural to Urban migration- Caatinga to Sao Paulo, Brazil- LEDC

Rural to Urban migration- Caatinga to Sao Paulo, Brazil- LEDC

1. Movement

   • Caatinga-Sao Paulo
   • Movement of people from the poor North East to the rich coastal cities
   • In the course of the last 25 years, approximately 200,000 people have migrated into Sao Paulo city centre
   • Caatinga has 25 million in habitants, 28% of Brazils total population

2. Push Factors

   • Environmental
     • low unreliable rainfall causes droughts
     • Difficult for farmers to grow crops
     • Caatinga is an isolated area
     • deserification
   • Social
     • Infant mortality rate of 25%
     • No piped water, electricity or sanitation
     • Lack of schools and clinics in area
     • few social services
     • low quality living conditions
   • Economic
     • Low average monthly income- $253.49
     • lack of job opportunities

3. Pull Factors

   • Economic
     • More Job opportunities
     • higher wages- average monthly income $721
     • Industry opportunities
   • Social
     • Jobs are less physically demanding
     • Perceived image of the 'glamourous' city attracts people
     • More schools and higher quality education
     • More social services
     • wide cultural diversity
   • Environmental
     • More accessable
     • Better infrastructure
     • Climatic conditions made less harsh by water systems and more resources

4. Positive impacts of this Migration

   • More land is left for people in rural areas, improving quality of life
   • Food supplies for rural people increase
   • 70% of money earned in Sao Paulo can be sent home to families in the rural areas to improve living standards or pay for new agricultural equipment
   • Sao Paulo will gain a wide variety of tradesmen

5. Negative Impacts of this migration

   • Increase of 25% decline in resources in Sao Paulo due to stress of growing population
   • Less people will live in rural areas meaning less crops will be grown, impacting the country on a national scale
   • The most active tend to migrate (mainly men), meaning the farming will be left to the women, elderly and children
   • Children and the elderly tend to not migrate, meaning there is a demographic imbalance in both rural and urban areas