Statistics Applied

Statistics Applied

1. Kaoru Ishikawa

   • Expansion proposed by Ishikawa

2. William E. Deming

3. Seven Basic Tools of Quality

   • Cause and Effect Diagram
     • Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories
   • Pareto Charts
     • Shows on a bar graph which factors are more significant
   • Flow Charts
     • A technique that separates data gathered from a variety of sources so that patterns can be seen
   • Cheek Sheet
     • A structure, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data, a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes
   • Scatter Plots
     • Graphs pairs of numerical data, one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship
   • Control Charts
     • Graphs used to study how a process changes over time. Comparing current data to historical control limits leads to conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes of variation)
   • Histograms
     • Shows frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs

4. Deming/Shewhart Cycle

   • Plan
     • Determine goals and targets
     • Determine methods to reach those goals
   • Do
     • Engage in education and training
     • Implement work
   • Check
     • Check the effects of implementation
   • Act
     • Take appropiate action
   • Applied to all sorts of projects and improvement activities