Metaphysics Mind Map

Metaphysics Mind Map

1. Does God exist?

   • Cartesian Skepticism- Disbelieve everything unless you can prove it and be left with no doubts. Without physical proof that God is real we cannot be certain that He is real but we also don't have proof he isnt real.
     • The philosopher associated with Cartesian Skepticism is actually the man it is named after. Rene Descartes questioned how he could know anything was real. He determined is mind was real and went from there until he concluded that since the world around him can be inteacted with it is a product of God
     • God supposedly healed a young man who contracted a deadly illness back in 1999. This is the link to the article. We have no way of knowing if it was really God's work. https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/young-man-healed-by-padre-pio-recounts-story-of-miraculous-cure-35618
   • Empiricism - Everything was made by God and we can interact with it thus making God real.
     • The philosophers associated with empiricism are: John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. They defended their ideas of senses being a valid source even with sensory confusion say that humans understand and reflect on interactions and conclude if their senses provided truthful responses.
   • Deism - One God exists but they do not interfere with the world. They simply created the world and has now left it to run by its own laws
     • This area of study came from Edward Herbert back in the 17th century. He concluded everyone has a basic sense of things that they are born with.

2. Why is there something rather than nothing?

   • Cartesian Skepticism- We cannot know for sure if anything is real because our sense can play tricks on us. We can reason that our mind exisits but nothing else could be real. The whole, I think therefore I am.
     • The philosopher associated with Cartesian Skepticism is actually the man it is named after. Rene Descartes questioned how he could know anything was real. He determined is mind was real and went from there until he concluded that since we can touch stuff it is there.
   • Empiricism - Our senses allow us to interact with the real world. By being able to interact we can start to determine why there is something instead of nothing. This could simply be due to luck or a God. There is something because we can interact with the material world.
     • The philosophers associated with empiricism are: John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. They defended their ideas of senses being a valid source even with sensory confusion say that humans understand and reflect on interactions and conclude if their senses provided truthful responses.
     • Our sense rely on each other and also can step in when one fails. A perfect example of why there is something infront of us as we read this mind map is from our sense of sight. We can also hear the sound of the phone or computer and potentially feel it. Our senses work together to prove to us that the device is real.
   • Cosmogony - The creation of the universe. Different religions and beliefs have stories on how and why the universe was created. Science has a current theory in regards to the big bang.
     • In Christianity God created the world over several days. This is still displayed in media and even songs.
     • The philosophers who support the idea of cosmogony are: Emanuel Swedenborg and Immanuel Kant. They helped to create the Big Bang Theory from what I understand.

3. Do we have free will?

   • Determinism - All events are cause by past events meaning that only what occurs could have occured.Free will is not real given this view as our fate is predetermined. This is shown through Oedipus' fate being completed as fortold in the prophecy.
     • Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace was the same who came up with the theory of Determinism. He thought no matter what we did our future was bound to happen in only one way.
   • Fatalism - All events are predetermined and inevitable. Just like determinism what occurs was meant to occur. What we do cannot change this.
     • Friedrich Nietzsche came up with the theory of Fatalism where all decisions are predetermined in your fate.
   • Compatabalism - Where you can believe in free will and determinism without being logically inpaired. You understand that what occurs is the only thing that could have occured but you also had free will to make the decisions that led to it.
     • Thomas Aquinas, David Hume and Thomas Hobbes came up with compatabalism. They did not come up with it together but rather their ideas were combined to make this theory.

4. What is conciousness?

   • Epistemology - This is the philosophy of knowledge. Knownledge is true justified belief. Conciousness is being able to determine when something is actually true or just a fabrication.
     • John Locke is attributed to the metaphysics side of epistemology. He focused on knowledge based from what we could precieve.
   • Ontology - This is the nature of being. In order to be able to think we have to have a conciousness which is the voice in our head that allows us to have thoughts, connections, and ideas. Without conciousness we would not be able to ponder questions.
     • Ontology was first deemed "First Philosophy" by Aristotle. It was later called ontology by german philosopher Jacob Lorhard.
     • In our lesson we saw the deducation of what makes our conciousness a thing. Since we can think and debate things we have a conciousness.
   • Duelism - Conciousness has no physical effect on the world but it allows us to debate what to do which does effect the physical world. Conciousness is both physical and metal according to this.
     • Mind/Body Duelism is linked back to Rene Decartes as well. He questioned how we could know something for sure which connects to being able to interact with the physical world as he questioned if it existed.
     • In the new we have climate change. Our conciousness allows us to think about it and either a) do nothing or b) make an effort to curb the effects of climate change. By doing something our conciousness has manifested into the physical world.

5. Does the world really exist?

   • Ontology - The world does not exist because it has specific rules that govern it that only allow once specific way for things to live. If the world truly existed it would be ungoverned.
     • Ontology was first deemed "First Philosophy" by Aristotle. It was later called ontology by german philosopher Jacob Lorhard.
   • Cartesian Skepticism - Our senses can be fooled thus making them unreliable. We can really only conclude that we are a thinking entity and not much else.
     • The philosopher associated with Cartesian Skepticism is actually the man it is named after. Rene Descartes questioned how he could know anything was real. He did not believe sense was a reliable source. He concluded sense could be tricked
   • Empiricism - Our senses allow us to interact with the world. By being able to touch, hear, see, smell, and taste the things around us we can conclude that the world is real.
     • The philosophers associated with empiricism are: John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume. They defended their ideas of senses being a valid source even with sensory confusion say that humans understand and reflect on interactions and conclude if their senses provided truthful responses.

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap

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• Mind-Blowing Illusions That Trick Multiple Senses (Einbetten)
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• Turtle eating strawberry (Einbetten)
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• Fate, Family, and Oedipus Rex: Crash Course Literature 202 (Einbetten)
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• Compatibilism: Crash Course Philosophy #25 (Einbetten)