THEME 15: EXPRESSION OF MANNER, MEANS AND INSTRUMENT

THEME 15: EXPRESSION OF MANNER, MEANS AND INSTRUMENT

1. 1. DEFINITION OF ADVERBS

   • WORDS WHICH DESCRIBE OR GIVE US INFO. ABOUT
     • 1. a verb (they say HOW, WHERE or WHEN an action is done)
     • 2. an adjective
     • 3. a prepositional phrase
     • 4. a sentence
     • 5. an adverb

2. 2. ADVERB FORMS

   • Adverbs of manner and degree derived from adjectives and participles
     • SUFFIX - LY
       • beautifully
   • Some adjectives in -ly
     • cannot be used as adverbs
       • friendly
   • Adjective form and Adjective + LY
     • ADVERBS but DIFFERENT MEANING
       • close vs. closely
   • changes in spelling
     • 1. -LY to -I
       • happy - happily
     • 2. -E
       • vowel retained
         • extreme - extremely
       • vowel NOT retained
         • true - truly
     • 3. -Vowel + L
       • double L
         • final - finally
     • 4. -LE to -LY
       • simple - simply
     • 5. -IBLE/-ABLE
       • -E to -Y
         • sensible - sensibly
   • typical adverbial suffixes
     • backWARDS
     • clockWISE
   • adverbs - same form and meaning as the adjective
     • far
     • little
     • much
     • straight
     • well

3. 3. MAIN FUNCTIONS

   • 1. ADVERBS MODIFYING SENTENCES
     • adjuncts
       • I spoke to him outside
     • disjuncts
       • Frankly, I don't trust him
     • conjuncts
       • We still, however, have a lot of work to do
   • 2. ADVERBS WHICH ARE SENTENCES IN THEMSELVES
   • 3. ADVERBS AS MODIFIERS OF OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH
   • 4. ADVERBS FUNCTIONING AS NOUNS

4. 4. TYPES OF ADVERBS

5. 5. PROCESS ADVERBIALS

6. 6. POSITION OF ADVERBS

7. 7. COMPARISON IN ADVERBS

8. 8. TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES