Brain stroke

Brain stroke

1. 2 types

   • isquemic stroke (87%)
     • CAUSED BY
       • Blockage of an artery
     • subdivides
       • thrombotic strokes
         • caused by
           • a blood clot that develops in the blood vessels inside the brain.
         • who affects?
           • older people usually with cholesterol or diabetes
         • symptoms
           • can occur suddenly
           • can be gradual
             • stroke-in-evolution
         • may be preceded by "mini-strokes"
           • ischemic attacks (TIAs)
         • another type is
           • lacunar infarct
       • embolic strokes
         • caused by
           • a blood clot or plaque debris that develops elsewhere in the body and then travels to 1 of the blood vessels in the brain via the bloodstream
         • usually result of
           • heart surgery
           • heart disease
             • 15% occurs on people with
               • atrial fibrillation
         • can occur rapidly and without warnings
   • hemorrhagic stroke (13%)
     • CAUSED BY
       • bleeding
     • subdivides
       • intracerebral hemorrhage
         • where is the bleeding?
           • Bleeding is from the blood vessels within the brain
         • caused by
           • hypertension
         • can cause
           • death
           • coma
         • how does it occur?
           • suddenly and rapidly
       • subarachnoid hemorrhage
         • where is the bleeding?
           • Bleeding is in the subarachnoid space
             • between the brain and the meninge
         • normally caused by
           • arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
             • consists of
               • disorderly tangled web of arteries and veins
             • is
               • congenital
           • aneurysm
             • is
               • weakened, ballooned area on an artery wall and has a risk for rupturing.
             • can be
               • congenital
               • develop later

2. it ca be produced

   • left side brain
     • it will affect the right side of the body
       • besides
         • aphasia
           • types
             • fluent aphasia
               • Wenicke's aphasia
                 • may speak in long, complete sentences that have no meaning, adding unnecessary words and even creating made-up words.
                 • Language comprehension impaired
                   • Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
                     • repetition of words/phrases good
                     • may repeat questions rather than answering them (“echolalia”)
               • Language comprehension relatively intact
                 • Conduction Aphasia
                   • word finding difficulties
                   • difficulty repeating phrases
                 • Anomic Aphasia
                   • repetition of words/phrases good
                   • word finding difficulties
                   • uses generic fillers (e.g., “thing”) or circumlocution
             • non-fluent aphasia
               • Language comprehension relatively intact
                 • Broca's aphhasia
                   • may understand speech and know what they want to say, but they frequently speak in short phrases that are produced with great effort.
                 • Transcortical Motor Aphasia
                   • strong repetition skills
                   • may have difficulty spontaneously answering questions
               • Language comprehension impaired
                 • Global Aphasia
                   • evere expressive and receptive language impairment
                   • may be able to communicate using facial expression, intonation, and gestures
             • exceptional aphasias
               • Crossed aphasia
               • subcortical aphasia
               • Primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
                 • type of dementia
         • apraxia
         • Slow, cautious behaviors
         • memory loss
   • brain stem
     • can
       • affect both parts
       • leave someone "locked-in"
       • cause ataxia
         • body’s inability to coordinate how muscles move together
   • right side brain
     • it will affect the left side of the body
       • besides
         • left-side neglect
         • quick, impulsive bahavioral style
         • vision problems
         • memory loss