SAMPLE/PARTICIPANTS

SAMPLE/PARTICIPANTS

1. DEMENT and KLEITMAN

   • 9 American adults - 7 males & 2 females each referred to by their initials
     • 5 were studied on intensely and the other 4 were only studied on to confirm the results from the first 5

2. LOFTUS and PALMER

   • 45 students of the university of Washington

3. BARON-COHEN

   • NORMAL- 25 Males, 25 Females
     • 18-49 years - Mean age = 28.6
     • Randomly selected from the general population of Cambridge - excluded students from Cambridge
   • TOURETTES - 8 Males, 2 Females
     • Recruited through a clinic and a referral centre in London
     • 18-47 years - Mean age = 27.7
     • Normal IQ
   • Aspergers/Autism - 13 Males , 3 Females
     • Recruited through an autistic society magazines and clinic
     • 18-47 years - Mean age 28.6
     • Normal IQ

4. SAVAGE - RUMBAUGH

   • KANZI - A Pygmy Chimpanzee , aged 30-47 months during the time of this report
     • PYGMY/BONOBOS = v. social and highly intelligent - suggest they would be most likely to develop language
   • MULIKA - Kanzi's youngers sister , aged 11- 21 months
   • AUSTIN and SHERMAN - Classed as 'Ordinary Chimpanzees' who had been studied on by SR before

5. FREUD

   • Participant called Little Hans - Aged 3-5 years during the period of his case study
   • Lived in Vienna , Austria at the start of 20th century

6. BANDURA

   • 36 Boys and 36 American Girls
   • Enrolled at Stanford University Nursery School
   • Ranged in age from 36 months- 69 months - Mean age 52 months
   • 72 children
     • AGGRESSIVE - 24
       • 12 girls 12 boys
         • - 6 boys had same sex models and the other 6 opposite sex models -  Vice versa for the girls
     • CONTROL - 24
     • NON- AGGRESSIVE - 24
       • 12 girls 12 boys

7. SAMUEL and BRYANT

   • 252 boys and girls - Between the ages of 5 and 8 and a half years old
   • All in play groups in and around Devon
   • Divided into 4 groups of 63 children - Mean ages ranged from 5 years and 3 months 8 years and 3 months
   • 4 groups divided into 3 subgroups that underwent a different condition
     • 5 YEAR OLDS - 63
       • Standard (2 Q's) - 21
       • One Judgement (Post Transformation Q) - 21
       • Fixed Array ( No Transformation seen) - 21
       • 6 Years
       • 7 Years
       • 8 Years

8. GRIFFITH

   • 60 Participants - 16 Females 44 Males - Mean age 23
   • Most P's recruited through posters in a uni and college campus in Devon
   • 30 REGULAR GAMBLERS (once a week or more) - 29 Males , 1 Female
     • 15 Non- thinking aloud
     • 15 thinking aloud
   • 30 NR GAMBLERS ( once month or less) - 15 Males , 15 Females
     • 15 Non- thinking aloud
     • 15 thinking aloud

9. THIGPEN and CLECKLEY

   • Eve White - Age 25 - American
   • Has a daughter and is in an unhappy marriage

10. ROSENHAN

    • Staff and patients in 12 hospitals located in 5 different state of America on the east and west coasts
      • Some were shabby some new
      • Some were research orientated
      • Some had good staff ratios others were understaffed
      • One hospital was private all others were supported by the state or Federal Funds and in one instance university funds

11. REICHER and HASLAM

    • 15 participants all male - Recruited through advertisements in the national press and leaflets
      • Randomly divided into 10 prisoners an 5 guards
      • Applicants wet through 3 stages of screening
        • 1) PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS - measured social variables such as , authoritarianism, social dominance and modern racism and Clinical v. such as Depression, anxiety and drug dependence
        • 2) FULL WEEKEND ASSESSMENT by independent clinical psychologists
        • 3) MEDICAL AND CHARACTER REFERENCES were obtained and police checks were conducted
    • Men were chosen so results could be compared to SPE and because researchers thought cause less ethical problems
    • 15 participants first divided into five groups of 3 - people who were as closely matched as possible on social variables- From each group one P was then randomly selected to be a guard and the remaining two prisoners

12. PILIAVIN

    • Approx 4450 women and men traveling on a New York underground system between 11 am - 3pm during weekdays that travelled through Harlem to the Bronx
      • 45% Black
      • 55% White
      • Average number of people on the train is 43
      • Average number of people in the critical area is 8.5
      • Two particular trains were selected that didn't stop for 7.5 minutes

13. MILGRAM

    • 40 men from New Haven ages 20-50
    • obtained by a newspaper article advertising a study of memory and learning in Yale university and were paid $4.50 for participation
    • Within the sample were postal clerks, high school teachers, sales men engineers and laborers