UMAR BIN KHATTAB(r)

UMAR BIN KHATTAB(r)

1. POSITION

   • 2nd caliph of islam

2. TITLE

   • Al-Farooq (meaning who can distinguish between right and wrong

3. PERSONAL

   • Parents
     • Father: Khattab bin Nufail
     • Mother: Hantamah bint Hisham bin Mughairah
   • Daughter
     • Hafsah
       • She was 4th wife of Muhammed Prophet(SAW)
   • Tribe
     • Banu Adi, Quraish

4. ABOUT

   • He embraced Islam at age 33
   • Skills
     • Geneology, Wrestling, Oratory
   • Qualities
     • Tough administrator, sensible, organized, educated
     • Dedicated, trusty, intelligent, far-sighted, kind

5. ISLAM-EXPANSION

   • Before his death, Abu Bakr(r) left the responsibility on Umar to conquer the two superpowers of the time.
     • Persian Empire (Iraq and Iran)
     • Roman Empire (Syria and Palestine)
   • Persian Empire
     • Umar selected Saad bin Abi Waqqas to conquer Persia
     • The Muslim Army defeated Persians in battles like battle of Bridge, Jalula. Qudisiya
     • In the Battle of Nahawand, the Muslim Army defeated the Persians finally and captured cities like Mada'in, and seized enormous amount
   • Roman Empire
     • Khalid bin Waleed(r) was fighting against Persians but was directed to fight against Romans by Abu Bakr(r) to support an army led by Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah
     • Khalid and his soldiers defeated Romans in the battle of Yarmouk and captured cities like Damascus, Jordan, Emmessa
     • The Christian ruler of Jerusalem, Sophronius, surrendered himself when Khalifah signed the Peace Treaty
       • Treaty of Peace
         • Security of life
         • Safety of churches and religious buildinga
   • EGYPT
     • Umar(r) prepared an army under the leadership of Amr bin Al-Aas to conquer egypt
     • Amr defeated the Romans and saved the Egyptians from their injustice.

6. CONTRIBUTION

   • Played major role in battles like Badr, Uhad, Ditch, Khyber, Hunain
   • He build
     • Orphanage and welfare homes
     • Schools where
       • Teachers teach Quran
       • Scholars teach Islamic Law and Quran Interoretation
     • New Masjids
     • Judicial courts and judges are called Qazi
     • 1st-time, police force and jails for criminals.
   • Constructed roads, wells, canals for travelers and caravans.
   • He established
     • Bait-ul-Maal for poor
     • 1st lunar calendar starting from hijrah
     • Army headquarters at the Islamic border

7. ACHIEVEMENTS

   • Allah(SWT) through Angel Jibril declared the list of Ashrah Mubashirah, one of them was Umar(R).

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