UNIT 2: COLOUR

UNIT 2: COLOUR

1. Colour forms part of the real world, nature and objects.

2. Newton prism

3. ADDITIVE BLEND OR COLOURED LIGHTS:

   • PRIMARY COLOURS
     • Three colours are fundamental or primary (blue-violet, green and red).
   • SECUNDARY COLOURS
     • Yellow, cyan and magenta are secondary colours.
       • Red + green = yellow
       • Green + blue-violet = cyan
       • Red + blue-violet = magenta
   • COMPLEMENTARY COLOURS
     • The complementary colours of light produce a practically white or very bright grey colour when blended together.
     • • Yellow is the complementary colour of blue-violet. • Magenta is the complementary colour of green. •Cyan is the complementary colour of red.

4. COLOUR PERCEPTION

   • White, this is because it receives all the basic colours of the spectrum and sends them back reflected.
   • Black, this is because it receives all the basic colours of the spectrumand does not reflect any.
   • Yellow, this is because it receives all the basic colours of the spectrum, absorbs the colour blue and reflects the colours green and red.
   • Red, this is because it receives all the basic colours of the spectrum, absorbs the colours blue and green and only reflects the colour red.

5. SUBTRACTIVE BLEND OR COLOURED PIGMENTS

   • Coloured pigments, or subtractive colours, absorb or take away the light's energy.
   • Primary colours
     • magenta
       • cyan
         • yellow
   • Secondary colours
     • They are formed by mixing two primary colours together.
       • • Cyan + magenta = blue-violet • Magenta + yellow = red •Yellow + cyan = green
   • Complementary colours
     • When blended, produce the colour black.
       • • Blue-violet is the complementary colour of yellow. • Green is the complementary colour of magenta. •Red is the complementary colour of cyan.

6. QUALITIES OR PROPERTIES OF COLOUR

   • TONE
     • The tone is the specific name or attribute given to a colour that makes it distinct.
     • Other terms used to refer to value are brightness, luminance or shine.
   • VALUE
     • The value of a colour depends on how much light it gives off. It refers to the amount of white or black colour in its composition.
     • Other terms used to refer to value are brightness, luminance or shine.
   • SATURATION
     • Saturation is the property that indicates colour purity.

7. THE COLOUR WHEEL

   • The colour wheel is the most widely recognised arrangement to reflect different colours visually and observe the interrelation among them.
   • Prymary + secondary = tertiary
     • Yellow + red =orange. / Yellow + green = green-yellow. / Magenta + red = crimson. / Cyan + blue-violet = indigo. / Magenta + blue-violet = purple. / Cyan+ green = green-blue.

8. COOL AND WARM COLOUR PALETTES

   • Colour palettes are groups of colours that have a relationship between each other.
   • Cool palettes
     • Blues, purples and greens.
       • They convey a sense of repose, amplitude and distance.
   • Warm palettes
     • Red, orange and yellow.
       • They produce excitement and a sense of closeness.

9. CREATING COLOUR MIXTURES

   • Colour harmony
     • A harmony is a combination of colours that produces attractive and balanced colour effects.
   • Colour contrast
     • Contrast is produced when the colours in a composition don't have anything in common.
       • Contrast between complementary colours.
       • Contrast between cool and warm colours.

10. COLOUR CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

    • Hickethier's system
      • Is based on a figure standing on a vertex that contains the colour black at the opposite end is white and the rest of the vertices, we have the three basic colours.
    • Ostwald system
      • Recognises four primary and four secondary colours and differentiates between 24 tones for all of them.

11. The symbolic colour forms part of a code. It changes from being a general element into a fact or phenomenon.

12. SIGNIFICANCE OF COLOURS

    • White
      • Absolute, unity and innocence.
    • Black
      • Evil, mystery or making an error.
    • Yellow
      • Envy, rage and cowardliness.
    • Red
      • Extroverted personality, ambitious, materialistic temperament.
    • Green
      • Intelligent, social people and kindness.
    • Blue
      • Intangible depth, tranquility and cold.
    • Violet
      • Virtue, lucidity and reflection.

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