Colon Cancer

Colon Cancer

1. Happen in the large intestine

   • Anatomy
   • Physiology
     • absorption and secretion of the colon
     • physiology of defecation
   • Histology

2. Risk Factors

   • Genetic predisposition
     • FAP
     • Genetic Mutations : APC , K-RAS , P53 loss
   • Enviromental
     • exposure to carcinogens and unhealthy diets
   • Age & sex : middle aged men

3. Signs & symptoms

   • Fatigue & tiredness
   • Weight & appetite loss
   • Diarrhea \ Constipation
   • Blood in Stool

4. Investigations

   • CEA test
   • CT scan
   • Biopsy
   • Colonoscopy
   • Barium enema

5. Complications

   • Metastasis
   • Recurrence
   • Bowel obstruction
   • Colon wall rupture

6. Management

   • Surgical
     • Coleostomy
   • Pharmacological
     • Chemotherapy
       • Antimetabolites
       • Oxaliplatin
       • Topotecan

7. Pathophysiology

8. Staging

9. Prognosis

   • should be followed up closely for 5 years and more through tests like : CEA and CT scan
   • Stages 0 , I and II are often curable by therapy

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