Network Layer: IP Protocol

Network Layer: IP Protocol

1. IP: Internet Protocol

   • Determines where we are going to send packets by looking at the destination IP address
     • Determined by the routing protocol

2. IP uses Packets called IP Packets to carry information

   • Every IP Packet is a single unit of information
   • Carries data and information on where to send the packet

3. Characteristics

   • Network Layer of the OSI model
   • Connectionless Protocol
     • IP itself does not setup a connection - in order to transport data you need the "transport" layer and TCP or UDP
   • Every packet is treated independently - There is no order in which the packets arrive at their destination
   • Hierarchical: IP address have a hierarchy

4. IP Addresses

   • Uniquely identify's each device on a network
     • Like a phone number
   • 32-bit
     • 2 parts
       • Network
         • This part tells you which "network" the IP address belongs to
           • Like a city or area code of a phone number
       • Host
         • Uniquely identifies the network device
           • Like the last digits of your phone number
       • Subnet mask tells you which part is which
     • Written in 4 Blocks of 8 Bits
       • 8-Bit
         • 8-Bit
           • 8-Bit
             • 8-Bit
               • Host
                 • 1
                   • 00000001
             • Network
               • 1
                 • 00000001
           • Network
             • 168
               • 10101000
         • Network
           • 192
             • Example
               • 192.168.1.1
                 • In Binary
                   • 1100000010101000000000100000001
             • 11000000
               • 8 Bits = Byte = octet
                 • Bits: 128 - 64 - 32 - 16 - 18 - 4 - 2 - 1
                   • Classes of Network
                     • A
                       • Network
                         • Host
                           • Host
                             • Host
                       • A lot of hosts in each network
                     • Determine how many hosts you can fit in each network
                     • B
                       • Network
                         • Network
                           • Host
                             • Host
                       • More networks but less hosts
                     • C
                       • Network
                         • Network
                           • Network
                             • Host
                       • Lot of networks with a few hosts
   • IP Packet
     • Protocol
       • Which protocol we are using on top of IP
         • Specifies which transport layer protocol we are using
           • TCP,UDP,ICMP or others
       • Source Address
         • IP Address of the device that created the IP packet
         • Destination Address
           • IP address of device that should receive the packet
           • Data
             • The actual data we are trying to get to the other side
   • If the host parts are the same then they are on the same network
   • 2 IP address on networks that we can't use
     • Network Address
       • Used to "define" the network
       • Set all host bits to 0 gives the network address
     • Broadcast Address
       • Used by broadcast applications
         • A broadcast is an IP packet that will be received by all computers in your network
       • All host bits to 1 gives the broadcast address

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