Citing and reference

Citing and reference

1. Sources of information can be: Books,Journal articles,publish reports

   • This information is useful because it provides evidence, critical evaluations, research results.
     • These sources can be grouped into two categories: primary and secondary sources. primary and secondary sources.
       • Primary sources refer to publicly available data, such as historical documents
         • secondary sources occur when a reference cited in another source is used and not in the original source.

2. Citing Auhors

   • One of the most common conventions at Massey is the American Psychological
     • APA follows an author-date pattern for citing authors.
       • This author-date pattern can be used in the body of a sentence, or in brackets at the end of the sentence
         • Author Citation Tips
           • There is no rule on which method of citation
             • In order to avoid using the same verbs when introducing the authors in the phrase
               • we can use verbs such as: agrees asserts believes claims
   • different disciplines have their own conventions
     • One of the most widely used conventions Massey is the referencing system of the American Psychological Association. (APA)
       • Author Citation Tips
         • There is no rule concerning which citation method. whether citing authors in the body of a sentence or in brackets
           • Either method is fi ne
             • To avoid relying on the same verbs when introducing authors into your sentence
               • uses verbs such as: agrees asserts believes claims

3. ·

   • There is no rule on which method of citation

4. Summarising

   • Summarising involves selecting out some key features and then using those to create a shortened version of the author’s prose.
     • there must be a difference between what the author says and your text.
       • When the author has already written in summary form, we can paraphrase. Being selective.
         • Paraphrasing
           • Before you begin to paraphrase, it is really important to build-up your own idea
             • then use it as a model to guide the paraphrasing of the author's idea
               • Paraphrasing means to restate information using different words.

5. Techniques for Putting Authors’ Ideas into Your Own Words

   • The key to developing the skill of restating other people’s ideas in your own words is to develop your own repertoire of words that can be used in academic writing.
     • list of verbs organised in different groups, because of their similarity in meaning,
       • helps to summarise the author's idea
         • articulate, comment, articulate, comment,,substantiate, corroborate
           • Changing the Sentence Structure and Form
             • One method of creating differences between the author's version and yours is to alter the structure in which the information is presented.
               • Repetir la información haciendo referencia al autor
               • Embed the author at the beginning of the sentence, the middle, or at the end
               • Change the order in which the items or events are placed

6. Citar las ideas de los autores

   • you can incorporate the authors' ideas through quotations.
     • Una cita es una copia exacta de las palabras que otra persona ha escrito
       • Estas palabras se colocan entre comillas "
         • In addition to documenting the author's surname and the year of publication as in all citations of other people's work in accordance with APA standards
         • Quotation Tips
           • Type the exact wording, spelling, and punctuation of the original source, including American spelling.
           • If you need to add words into a quotation for clarifi cation, place the additional words in square brackets.

7. Integrating Quotations into Your Assignment

   • Any quotation needs to be integrated into your text. It should never stand alone, unless it introduces the assignment itself.
     • it is acceptable to use a quotation to begin your assignment
       • For instance, it is acceptable to use a quotation to begin your assignment,
         • the quote can introduce the problem in a very clear or poignant way.

8. When Don’t You Need to Acknowledge Authors?

   • This happens when the knowledge is common and general,
     • is often linked to culture
       • Beijing is the capital of China.
       • Wellington is the capital of New Zealand.

9. Details to Include in Your Reference List

   • PA follows an author-date style for listing references at the end of your assignment.
     • The author's the author's surname first, followed by the author's initials
     • In the case of two or more authors, an ampersand, &, is required before the last author.
     • Formatting Your Reference List
       • With two or more publications by the same author, list the earliest dated publication fi rst.
       • References are in alphabetical order according to the fi rst author’s surname.

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