Phonetics and Phonology

Phonetics and Phonology

1. PHONETICS

   • Definition
     • Phonetics, the study of speech sounds and their physiological production and acoustic qualities.
       • It deals with the configurations of the vocal tract used to produce speech sounds: Articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics,linguistic phonetics.
   • Articulatory Features
     • Refers to the “aspects of phonetics which looks at how the sounds of speech are made with the organs of the vocal tract” Ogden (2009,pp.173).
       • Can be seen as divided up into three areas to describe consonants. These are voice, place and manner respectively
   • Examples
     • Articulatory Phonetics (Production)
       • For example, the use of your tongue and lips in producing the words like: moon, stars, flower, pen, and all other words.
     • Acoustic Phonetics (Transmission)
       • For example, when your mom calls for you from another room. The sound waves travel from another room to yours.
     • Auditory Phonetics (Perception)
       • Like, when your teacher explains a topic in class and you are able to understand it after listening to them.

2. PHONOLOGY

   • Definition
     • Phonology is the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of speech sounds with reference to their distribution and patterning.
       • It looks at and tries to establish a system of sound distinctions relevant to a particular language
   • Suprasegmental Features
     • A suprasegmental or prosodic feature is a speech feature that affects a segment longer than the phoneme, such as accent, intonation, rhythm, duration, and others.
   • Examples
     • The accent
       • This it allows to distinguish between tonic (accentuated) and unstressed (unstressed) syllables.
     • The breaks/pauses
       • The pauses are the more or less long silences that interrupt the speech and separate some segments (phrases, phrases …) of others
         • According to its causes and its intention, we can distinguish the following types of pauses:
           • - Explanatory Pause - Potencial Pause. - Significant Pause. - Suspensive Pause
     • The intonation
       • We can define it as the line melodic of a phrase, result of the succession of the successive tones of the same voice during the issuance of that phrase.

3. The difference between phonetics and Phonology

   • Phonetics belong to descriptive linguistics
     • Studies the production, transmission, reception of sound.
       • Does not study one particular language
   • Phonology belongs to theoretical
     • Studies different patterns of sounds in different languages
       • Can study one specific language

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