EXPOSITION TOPICS

EXPOSITION TOPICS

1. DECISIONS TREE

   • WHAT IS
     • It is based on classification principles that predict the outcome of a decision, giving rise to different branches of a tree. Part of a root, which gradually has different decision nodes. The structure has termination nodes at the end
   • IMPORTANCE
     • We can solve a problem covering all possible aspects. It plays a crucial role in decision-making as it helps us weigh the pros and cons of different options, as well as their long-term impact.
   • SYMBOL
     • DECISION NODE
       • Indicates a situation in which a decision must be made and is represented by a closed square. This is how most decision tree diagrams start.
     • CHANCE NODE
       • When we are not sure of the outcome of a situation, we represent it with a chance node. It can produce multiple results, but in most cases it is recommended that it only produce two results at a time. This node is represented by a circle.
     • END NODE
       • These are the leaf nodes that represent the end of the decision diagram. No more branches are expected from an end node. A small triangle is used for a terminator or end node
     • BRANCHES
       • Every time a decision is made, it leads to different nodes. A branch connects these nodes and represents a situation or a result. The result is usually written on the branch in plain text.
     • REJECTED OPTION
       • This is an optional symbol in a decision tree that is drawn after the entire diagram has been created. We simply mark it on the branch of the option that we want not to continue. Rejected option This is an optional symbol in a decision tree that is drawn after the entire diagram has been created. We simply mark it on the branch of the option that we want not to continue.

2. BRAINSTORMING

   • WHAT IS?
     • is an unstructured technique for work groups, where solutions to various situations are sought by generating spontaneous, relaxed and horizontal ideas.
   • FEATURES
     • You need a moderator. It has a well-defined goal. The session has a set duration. The number of participants, generally, does not exceed 15 so that it does not take too long. Try to get as many ideas as possible, especially since the first ones will be the least inspired or the most obvious. Everyone who joins the session should contribute proposals.
   • ADVANTAGES
     • It puts at your disposal diverse ideas, where some will be very valuable for your projects. Promotes criticism, which is necessary even when the activities of a team or department are going well. -It helps you eliminate obstacles in the creativity of a team regarding a more or less specific issue.
   • DISADVANTAGES
     • It puts at your disposal diverse ideas, where some will be very valuable for your projects. Promotes criticism, which is necessary even when the activities of a team or department are going well. - It helps you eliminate obstacles in the creativity of a team regarding a more or less specific issue.
   • TYPES
     • -Round Robin. -Role storming. -Direct. -Inverse. -Star. -Gordon. -Individual. -Mind map.

3. SYSTEMS APPROACH TO DECISIONS MAKING

   • WHAT IS?
     • VVV
     • It is also known as systems theory, systems thinking, or systems thinking. It consists of a method of analysis to obtain a broad reasoning and critical thinking in relation to the phenomena, problems and situations that occur within a system.
   • BACKGROUND OF THE SYSTEMIC APPROACH
     • The ideas of the systemic approach are not new, since Greco-Roman antiquity attempts were made to establish the laws to which the formation of a knowledge system obeys.
   • BENEFICTS
     • Being able to control various aspects of your life, such as social, economic and health, among others. These learnings and methods will allow you not only to solve these problems, but also to predict them and discover their origin.
   • PROPERTJES
     • COMPONENTS
       • Components are all the elements that make up the system. For example: in the teaching-educational process, the "non-personal" components are the objective, the content, the method, the means, the form and the evaluation of the teaching.
     • STRUCTURE
       • The structure comprises the relationships established between the elements of the system. It is based on a selection algorithm, that is, on a logical ordering of the elements.
     • FUNCTIONS
       • The functions are the actions that the system can perform, both vertical subordination and horizontal coordination.
     • INTEGRATION
       • Integration corresponds to the mechanisms that ensure the stability of the system and are supported by cybernetics and management. This is confirmed by evaluative controls that allow feedback. To ensure that a systemic structure has been carried out, the following should be checked: If removing an item breaks the system. If the set reinforces the function of the isolated elements. If the performance is really superior.
   • EXAMPLES
     • A practical example is a team, be it football, basketball or rugby. In these aspects, the formation of the team composes a system in short. All the players are parts and elements that make up the system, which is the team.

4. PARETO CHART

   • WHAT IS
     • It´s a technique that allows you to graphically classify information from most to least relevant, with the aim of recognizing the most important problems that you should focus on and solve them.
   • ADVANTAGES
     • It helps you focus your efforts on the improvements that will bring the most benefits. ● It offers a simple and effective panorama on the priority of the problems. ● It prevents problems from getting bigger. ● It is an easy-to-understand tool and encourages the desire to solve problems within the organization.
   • CHARACTERISTICS
     • It is a simple calculation technique. Analyze the characteristics of a group and recognize the most important points within it to give them priority.
   • ELEMENTS
     • LEFT X AXIS: Corresponds to the frequency with which a problem or situation analyzed occurs. RIGHT Y AXIS: It refers to the percentage that is accumulated from the total number of occurrences. X AXIS: In the lower part, the categories of the problems or situations that are being evaluated are described

5. ISHIKAWA´S DIAGRAM

   • HOW IT HELPS
     • The great help that the Ishikawa diagram provides to your business is to facilitate the visualization of problem causes. And this because its fishbone format allows us to more clearly observe the stages and processes and identify the driving principles of the problems.
   • WHAT IS
     • It is a tool that identifies quality problems and provides solutions by graphically representing the factors that involve the execution of a process. It is also known as a cause-effect diagram or the 6M diagram
   • TYPES
     • 1.-Cause and effect diagram with the 6m method 2.-Process flow method 3.-Stratification method 4.-simple fish diagram
   • ADVENTAGES
     • process improvements, Identification of causes, Ranking of the causes found, Increased visibility of problems, Visual record, facilitating future analysis.
   • DISADVANTAGES
     • Very simple Large structure Does not prioritize causes Can be very subjective Be a waste of time