Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism

1. Historic context

   • Neoclassicism was an artistic and cultural movement that emerged in Europe in the 18th century, as a reaction to the excess of ornamentation and emotionality of the Baroque and Rococo. It was characterized by valuing reason, harmony and simplicity, taking inspiration from classical Greco-Roman antiquity. This movement was reflected in the architecture, painting, sculpture and literature of the time. Great artists such as Jacques-Louis David in France or Antonio Canova in Italy are representative of this trend. In this sense, it was believed that literature should be clear, concise and free of excessive embellishments, so this movement focused on the search for truth and demonstrable reason, as well as the criticism of customs

2. Major works

   • ”The last day of Pompeii” Karl Briulov
   • “The Dream of Endymion” Anne-Louise Girodet by Roussy Trioson
   • “Napoleon as peacemaker Mars” Antonio Canova
   • “Eros and psyche” Antonio Canova
   • "The Death of Socrates" by Jacques-Louis David
   • "The Oath of the Horatii" by Jacques-Louis David
   • "Aeneid" by Jacques-Louis David
   • Pygmalion and Galatea" by Jean-Léon Gérôme

3. Characteristics

   • Imitation of classical authors: Neoclassical writers sought to imitate the style and themes of ancient authors, such as Homer, Virgil or Horace.
   • Clarity and simplicity: Clear and direct language was preferred, avoiding excess ornamentation and excessive emotionality.
   • Clarity and simplicity: Clear and direct language was preferred, avoiding excess ornamentation and excessive emotionality.
   • Use of classic poetic forms: Poetic forms such as the ode, satire or epistle were taken up, following the classic models.
   • Rigor in composition: Rigorous structure and care in the composition of literary works were valued

4. Authors

   • Alexander Pope (1688-1744)
   • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)
   • Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695
   • Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)
   • Voltaire (1694-1778)