Design and Technology Unit 2

Design and Technology Unit 2

1. Energy

   • Renewable Energy
     • Solar Energy
       • Solar energy is energy from the sun hitting down on the PV cells in a solar panel allowing electrons to flow (creating a current).
     • Wind Power
       • Wind power is created from wind turning a turbine, creating kinetic energy. Then it is sent to generators and after to homes and businesses.
     • Hydroelectric Power
       • Hydroelectric power is energy created from the falling of water, coming from a dam, to spin a turbine that creates kinetic energy
     • Wave Energy
       • Wave Energy is energy created from waves moving a device that turns the wave energy into kinetic energy.
     • Biofuel and Biomass
       • Biofuel and biomass is created from organic materials to be burnt to build up steam that pushes a turbine, creating kinetic energy. This is done by boiling using the heat from burning the biomass and fuels to create steam. The steam its the turbine to spin it, After it condesses back into water and is ready to turn to steam again.
     • Tidal Electricity
       • Tidal electricity is energy produced from the rise and fall of the tidal forces in water. The water spins a turbine creating kinetic energy and enters a reservoir for potential later use.
   • Non-renewable Fuels
     • Fossil fuels
       • OIl
       • Gas
       • Coal
         • This is obtained through mining.
       • Oils and gas are obtain through fracking. Fracking is the injection of water, sand and chemicals to push the oil and gasses out from caves.
   • Batteries
     • There are two types of batteries mainly used nowadays.
       • Lead-Acid
         • Most common battery and has a cheaper production cost. They are less efficient and can hold less energy than alkaline batteries.
       • Alkaline
         • Theses batteries cost more to create and appear less than lead-acid batteries. However, theses batteries are more efficient and have a higher energy capacity. These batteries must be disposed differently to be safe.
     • A single cell in a battery will either be 1.5 volts or 1.2 volts (if it's rechargeable).
   • Nuclear Energy
     • Nuclear Energy is a clean, reliable and abundant source of energy. However, nuclear energy is very unpopular due to the dangers of it. This s shown by Chernobyl.
   • Potential Energy
     • Potential Energy is energy stored in objects not in motion. For example, through tension or compression. It can also be stored in batteries, glass, solid fuel and food
   • Kinetic Energy
     • Kinetic energy is energy that involves motion and movement. Like atoms vibrating or electricity travelling through a circuit

2. Materials

   • Smart materials
     • Smart materials are materials that react to external stimulus. For example, the changing of light or heat.
     • self-healing polymers
     • Self-healing concrete
     • Thermochromic Pigments
     • Photochromic Particles
     • Photochromic Pigments
     • Shape memory alloy
   • Modern Materials
     • Modern materials are new inventions or ones that have been relatively recently discovered.
     • Biodegradable polymers
     • Polymorph
     • Flexible MDF
     • Titanium
     • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)