QUALITY TOOLS

QUALITY TOOLS

1. DEMIN CYCLE

   • he Deming Cycle (PDCA) is a method for continuous improvement in processes and quality. Plan: Identify the problem and make a plan. Do: Put the plan into action. Check: Review the results. Act: Make improvements based on the results.
     • How to use the Deming cycle, it is applied as follows: 1. Plan: detect a problem and think of a solution. 2. Do: apply the solution. 3. V erify: check if it worked. 4. Act: correct what didn't work and keep what did. Example: a company has many defective products → plans an improvement → applies it → reviews the results → corrects and starts again
       • The Deming Cycle is one of the most widely used tools for continuous improvement because it is simple, flexible, and based on real results. It can be applied in any type of organization, from factories and hospitals to schools and small businesses, and it helps teams solve problems step by step instead of relying on guesses.
         • Although the Deming Cycle is a powerful tool, it also has some limitations. Knowing them helps organizations apply it correctly and avoid frustration when results do not appear right away.

2. HISTOGRAM

   • A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into user- specified ranges, often called "bins" or intervals. It looks very similar to a bar chart, but it´ s used specifically for continuous quantitative data.
     • ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURE 1. Collect the data. 2. Arrange the data from lowest to highest. 3. Identify the minimum and maximum values. 4. Calculate the range. 5. Determine the intervals. 6. Create a frequency table. 7. Place the intervals and frequencies on the axes. 8. Draw the bars. 9. Add the title and axis labels
       • histogram is a very useful statistical tool for organizing, representing, and analyzing large amounts of data in a clear and easy-to-understand way. Through its bars, it allows us to see how the data is distributed, which values appear most frequently, and if there are important differences or behaviors in the information. This makes it easier to understand the results without having to review each piece of data individually. In addition, histograms can be used in different areas, such as industry,

3. PARETO DIAGRAM

   • T h e P a r e t o c h a r t i s a t y p e o f s t a t i s t i c a l g r a p h i n w h i c h a s e t o f d a t a i s r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h b a r s i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r . A l s o , i n a P a r e t o c h a r t , c u m u l a t i v e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e g r a p h i c a l l y s h o w n u s i n g a f r e q u e n c y p o l y g o n . I t ’ s a v e r y c o m m o n g r a p h u s e d i n q u a l i t y , b u t a l s o i n a n y o t h e r a r e a t h a t u s e s s t a t i s t i c s .
     • W H A T I S I T F O R ? Mainly, Pareto diagrams are used to find the reason behind a problem and how important each possible cause is in relation to the whole. The Pareto diagram comes from the Pareto principle (or Pareto law), which says that 80% of the consequences come from 20% of the causes, or in other words, 80% of the results come from 20% of the activities.
       • The diagram allows you to assign an order of priorities. The diagram lets you graphically show the Pareto principle (a few vital, many trivial), meaning that there are many unimportant problems compared to a few very important ones. Using the graph, we place the 'few that are vital' on the left and the 'many trivial' on the right. The diagram then makes it easier to study failures in industries or commercial companies.

4. QUALITY CIRCLES

   • They are small groups of workers who meet regularly to identify, analyze, and solve problems related to their work. Their purpose is to suggest improvements, increase quality, improve processes, and promote teamwork within an organization.
     • Quality circles are used to identify and solve problems in the workplace. They help improve the quality of products and services, reduce errors, and make work processes more efficient. Employees work together and share their ideas to find the best solutions.
       • Example: A group of 6 workers meets every week because there are many mistakes in the production process. They share ideas, find the cause of the problem, and propose a solution to improve the quality of the products.

5. POKAYOKE

   • Poka-Yoke is a tool used in quality management to prevent errors in production or work processes. The name comes from Japanese: “poka” means mistake or error, and “yoke” means to avoid. Therefore, Poka-Yoke can be understood as “mistake-proofing” or “error-proofing. ”
     • To use Poka-Yoke, it is necessary to analyze a process and identify the possible errors that can occur. Then, a simple way to prevent or detect these errors is created.