Phonology

Phonology

1. Phonetics

   • Deals with measurable, physical properties of speech linguistic soundwaves themselves.
     • The study of the phonetics of a foreign language gives us a much better ability both to hear and to correct pronunciation of the foreign language, how sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived (we will only look at the production of sounds).
       • In order to produce sound humans use various body parts including the lips, tongue, teeth, pharynx and lungs.
         • Is the basis for phonological analysis. Analyzes the production of all human speech sound, regardless of language.
         • Various phonetic alphabets have been developed to represent the speech sounds in writing through the use of symbols. Some of these symbols are identical to the Roman letters used in many language alphabets; for example:p and b. Other symbols are based on the Greek alphabet, such as θ to represent the th- sound in thin and thought. Still others have been specially invented; e.g. ð for the th- sound in the and then. The most widely used phonetic script is the International Phonetic Alphabet.
         • It identifies the place of articulation in the vocal tract, mouth and nose; also the manner of articulation including how air is channeled and/or stopped during speech sounds.

2. Language

   • Sound

3. Is the study of the mental or abstract system and patterns for representing and processing speech soundwaves within particular languages; gives us insight into how the human mind works, how sounds function in relation to each other in a language.

   • Phonological processes are patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk. For example, they may reduce consonant clusters to a single consonant like, “pane” for “plane”
     • • Is the basis for further work in morphology, syntax, discourse and orthography design. Analyses the sound patterns of a particular language by: determining which phonetics sounds are significant and explaining how this sounds are interpreted by the native speaker.
         • Pronunciation refers to the production of sounds that we use to make meaning. It includes attention to the particular sounds of a language (segments), aspects of speech beyond the level of the individual sound, such as intonation, phrasing, stress, timing, rhythm (suprasegmental aspects), how the voice is projected (voice quality) and, in its broadest definition, attention to gestures and expressions that are closely related to the way we speak a language.
           • Both areas are mutually dependent
           • A phoneme is the smallest unit in the sound system of a language; for example, the t sound in the word top.

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