Network layer

Network layer

1. IPv4

   • 32 bit binary numbers

2. IPv6

   • 128 bit binary numbers

3. Three types on communication

   • Connectionless
     • No acknowledgement or circuit setup
   • Best effort
     • No guarantee of delivery - dependant on higher level protocall
   • Media independence
     • Transmission over various media types

4. IPv4 vs IPv5

   • IPv4
     • Address saturation
     • Lack of end to end connectivity
   • IPv6
     • Increase address space
     • Improved packet handling

5. IPv4 address structure

   • Network address
   • Network, host and broadcast adress
   • Public
     • Issued by internet service provoders
       • Example 1.168.255.255 or 191.168.255.255
   • Private
     • Not connected to the internet
       • Range example 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
   • Classes
     • A
       • 0.0.0.0 - 127.0.0.0 / 8
     • B
       • 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.0.0/16
     • C
       • 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 / 24

6. Subnetting

   • Reasons
     • Broadcasting
       • Can slow data flow
       • Slower oepration
       • Solution
         • Reduce number of host/devices on the network
         • Create small broadcast domains - subnetting
   • Classful boundaries
   • Classless boundaries

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