Gross Anatomy of The Urinary System

Gross Anatomy of The Urinary System

1. Functions

   • Filltration
   • Regulation
   • enzymes.
     • Renin
       • JGC
       • increase BP
     • Erythropoietin
       • Extraglomerullar cells
       • Production of RBC
   • activate Vitamin D

2. T12 – L3

3. Right kidney is lower

   • Due to right lobe of liver

4. Vein>Artery>Pelvis of ureter

5. Renal coverings

   • outer to inside
     • Fibrous capsule > Peri renal fat > Renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia) >Para renal fat

6. nerve

   • subcostal nerve
   • iliohypogastric nerve
   • ilioinguinal nerve
   • sympathetic plexus

7. Renal structure

   • cortex
     • medulla
       • pyramids
         • renal column
           • medullary rays
             • Minor calyces
               • major calyces
                 • renal pelvis
                   • ureter

8. Blood Supply

   • renal (L2)
     • segmental
       • lobar
         • interlobar
           • arcuate
             • interlobular

9. Lymph Drainage

   • lateral aortic lymph nodes

10. Renal punch

    • renal angle (between lower border of the 12th rib & outer border of errector spine muscle)

11. diseases

    • Nephrolithiasis
      • Kidney stones
    • Wilms‘stumor
      • children
      • an abnormally large abdomen, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting

12. Ureter

    • transport urine from kidneys to bladder
    • Clinical anatomy
      • Thick muscular tube
      • Peristalsis
      • Enter bladder at level of ischial spine & pubic