Swelling In The Leg

Swelling In The Leg

1. Anatomy

   • Femur
   • Muscles Of The Thigh
     • Anterior Compartment
     • Medial Compartment
   • Femoral Artery
   • Femoral Vein
   • Femoral Nerve
   • Sciatic Nerve
   • Obturator Nerve
   • Obturator Artery
   • Popliteal Fossa
   • Lumbar Plexus Cutaneous Innervation

2. Possible Causes

   • Diabetic Muscle Infarction
   • Boil
   • Thigh strain / injury
   • Superficial thrombophlebitis
   • Vasculitis
   • Tumors (bone tumors)

3. Physical Exam for bone tumours

   • Gait
   • Observe: mass, swelling, deformity
   • Palpate: warm, cold, fluctuant, tender
   • AROM/PROM
   • NV exam
   • Lymph node exam (groin, axilla, neck)
   • Abdominal exam for masses

4. Physical Examination of the Knee

   • Inspect
   • Palpate
   • Move
   • Stability & Special tests

5. Investigations

   • Blood Tests
     • White Blood Cell Count
     • Hemoglobin Test
     • The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
   • Radiology
     • X-ray
     • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
     • CT (computed tomography)
     • Positron emission tomography (PET)
     • Radionuclide Bone Scan
   • Bone biopsy
     • Needle biopsy
     • Open biopsy

6. Osteosarcoma

   • Definition
     • Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cells characterized by direct formation of osteoid or bone matrix by the tumor cells
   • Types
     • Primary
     • Secondary
   • Stages of Osteosarcoma
   • Management
     • Chemotherapy
     • Surgery
       • Limb-Salvage surgery
     • Amputation
   • Complications
     • Movement Problems
     • Loss of a Limb
     • Metastasis
     • Chemotherapy Side Effects

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