World Climate

World Climate

1. Climate (average)

   • Not the same as
     • Weather (actual)

2. Factors Affecting Temperature

   • By Human
     • Global Warming
       • Effects of Global Warming
         • Change Distribution of Precipitations
         • Glaciers Melt Down
         • Rise of Sea Temperature/level
         • Loss of Plants and Wildlife
         • New Crop Yieldes in Africa
         • More Diseases
         • Posititive
         • Negative
         • Longer Growing Season(USA)
         • Crops Grown FUrther North (Britain)
       • Green House Effect
         • Causes
           • Carbon Dioxide
           • CFC´s
           • Methane
           • Nitrous Oxide
           • Gas Emmisions
             • 39.5%-Power Stations 22.5%-Road Transport 16%-Industry 14%-Domestic 8%-Others
   • Natural
     • Ocean Currents
     • Prevailing Winds
     • Altitude
     • Distance from the Sea
     • Air Masses
       • Latitude
         • Polar
         • Tropical
         • Surface Over Where They Develop
           • Wet Maritime Air
             • Humidity and Precipitations
               • Rain
                 • Results in the CONDENSATION process at its DEW POINT
                   • CONDENSATION:When water evaporates
                 • Types of Rainfall
                   • Relief Rainfall
                   • Frontal Rainfall
                   • Convectional Rainfall
           • Dry Continental Air
             • No Rain

3. Acid Rain

   • Formed By
     • Sulphure Dioxide
     • Nitrous Oxide
   • Effects Of Acid Rain
     • Erode of Rocks and Buildings by Chemical Reaction
       • EROSION
     • Water are more acid (harmful for health and enviroment)
     • Increase of Acidity on RIVERS and LAKES (killing Fishes and Plants)
     • Reduce Number of Crops that can be grown
     • Nutrients of Forest Soils are Washed Away
   • pH 4.5 or lower

4. Drainage Basins

   • Area of Land Drained by a Main River
   • An open Hydrological Cycle
     • Inputs
       • Is when water enters to the hydrological cycle
       • RAIN
     • Outputs
       • River Carrying Water to the Sea
       • Is when water is lost from the Hydrological Cycle
       • Transpiration
       • Evapotranspiration
     • Stores
       • Interception of Vegetation
       • Surface Storage
       • Soil Moisture Storage
       • Groundwater Storage
       • The Process Where Water Is Held
     • Tranfers
       • Process where water flows/ moves through the system
       • Surface Runoff
       • Stemflow
       • Infiltration
       • Percolation
       • Throughflow
       • Groundwater Flow
   • Rivers DIscharge
     • Discharge is the Amount of Water in a River
     • After Big Storms Rivers Discharge Rise Very Quickly
       • FLOODINGS
     • Factors Affecting the Flooding of a River
       • Relief
       • Rock Type
       • Soil
       • Natural Vegetation
       • Land Use
       • Use of River
   • Hydrographs
     • Shows the Discharge of a River at a Given Point
     • Lag time
     • Peak Discharge
   • River Processes
     • 95% of the River Energy is used for Friction
     • 5% of the River Energy is used For Transport Load
       • Transportion
         • Traction
         • Salation
         • Suspension
         • Solution
     • EROSION
       • Attrition
       • Hydraulic Action
       • Corrasion
       • Corrosion
   • River Landforms In High Areas
     • Occurs In
       • V Shaped Valleys
         • Vertical Erosion
         • Waterfalls and Rapids
           • Suddenly Interruption on a Rivers course Becaause Soil May Have Been Eroded
         • Rivers Go Down a Mountain/Interloking Spur
   • River Landforms in a Lowland Area
     • Meanders
       • Change their shape and position
       • Lateral Erosion
       • With the run on time they Appear
         • Ox-Box Lakes
     • River Overflows
       • Watern Spreads Near The River Sides
         • Depositing Its Load
           • After a Lot of Floods
             • A FLoodplain Is Formed
             • A Levée Is Formed
     • The River Reaches The Sea
       • Rivers Current Reduces
         • Its Load/Materials Can Be Deposited
           • The River Distributes Itself to Reach The Sea In
             • Distributaries
             • The Deposited Materials Form a
               • Delta
   • Drainage Basins Mismanagement
     • People perceived the Best Way to Remove its Waste Was by Throwing It To The Rivers
       • Incidents Of Water Pollution
         • By Source
           • Agriculture
           • Industry
           • Mining
           • Transport
           • People
           • Others
         • By Type
           • Organic Wastes
           • Chemicals
           • Oil
           • Sewage
           • Others