TOPIC C

TOPIC C

1. THE BRAIN

   • LIMBIC SYSTEM
     • INVOLVED WITH EMOTION
       • RECOGNISING
       • CONTROLLING
   • AMYGDALA
     • INVOLVED WITH AGGRESSION
     • RECOGNISES & CREATES RESPONSE
     • KING (1961)
       • WOMEN AGGRESSIVE
         • WHEN AMYGDALA STIMULATED
     • REMOVED IN CATS
       • BECOME CALM
     • CASE STUDY
       • CHARLES WHITMAN
         • TUMOUR PRESSING AMYGDALA
   • EVALUATION
     • STRENGTHS
       • CATS STUDIES
       • CASE STUDY CHARLES WHITMAN
       • KING (1961)
     • WEAKNESSES
       • RISKY TO STUDY BRAIN
       • NO DEFINITE LINK
         • BETWEEN BRAIN & AGGRESSION
       • CASE STUDIES
         • INDIVIDUAL
           • UNRELIABLE
       • ANIMAL AND HUMANS
         • DIFFERENT
       • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
         • CAN EXPLAIN AGGRESSION

2. HORMONES

   • CHEMICALS IN BLOOD
   • MESSAGES
   • MADE IN GLANDS
   • TESTOSTERONE
     • MALE SEX HORMONE
     • MEN MORE AGGRESSIVE
     • SECRETED ADRENAL GLANDS AND TESTES
     • 10 X THE AMOUNT THAN WOMEN
   • EVALUATION
     • STRENGTHS
       • ANIMALS STUDIES
         • CASTRATION CALMS THEM
         • NOT ETHICAL CASTRATE HUMANS
       • CORRELATIONAL STUDIES
         • RELATIONSHIP
           • HIGH BLOOD TESTOSTERONE
             • REPORTED LEVEL OF AGGRESSION
     • WEAKNESSES
       • ANIMAL STUDIES
         • NOT SAME AS HUMANS
           • HUMANS CONSIDER CONSEQUENCES
       • CORRELATIONS AREN´T CAUSE AND EFFECT
       • IGNORES HUMAN UPBRINGING
       • DOES AGGRESSION CAUSE HIGH TESTOSTERONE?
         • OR THE OTHER WAY AROUND
       • WOMEN CAN BE MORE AGGRESSIVE

3. SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

   • OBSERVATIONAL LEARNINNGI
     • MODELLING
       • ATTENTION
       • MEMORY
       • REPRODUCTION
       • MOTIVATION
     • ROLE MODELS
       • IDENTIFICATION
     • VICARIOUS LEARNING
   • BANDURA (1961)
     • BOBO DOLL
       • CHILDREN COPIED
         • MORE WITH REWARD
         • LESS WITH PUNISHMENT
   • EVALUATION
     • STRENGTHS
       • FOUND CAUSE AND EFFECT
         • CHILDREN DO COPY
       • SCHOOL SHOOTINGS
         • LINKED TO MEDIA AND VIOLENCE
     • WEAKNESSES
       • COULD BE NATURALLY AGGRESSIVE
         • HIGH LEVEL OF TESTOSTERONE
       • NOT ALL COPY
       • WATCHING VIOLENCE
         • CAN LOWER AGGRESSION
       • DIFFICULT TO STUDY
         • COPIED BEHAVIOUR NOT OBSERVED

4. COMPARING THEORIES

   • BIOLOGICAL
     • NATURE
       • LIMBIC SYSTEM
       • AMYGDALA
       • TESTOSTERONE
   • SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
     • NURTURE
       • OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
       • MODELLING
       • IDENTIFICATION
       • VICARIOUS REINFORCEMENT
   • CONCLUSION
     • COMBINATION OF BOTH THEORIES

5. RAMIREZ ET AL (2001)

   • CULTURE AND AGGRESSION
     • AIM
       • DOES AGGRESSION VARY WITH CULTURE?
     • PROCEDURE
       • 400 PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS
         • VOLUNTEER SAMPLE
           • HALF FROM JAPAN
           • HALF FROM SPAIN
           • QUESTIONNAIRE
             • ASSESSES
               • VERBAL AGGRESSION
               • PHYSICAL AGGRESSION
               • ANGER
               • HOSTILITY
     • RESULTS
       • JAPANESE STDUENTS
         • MORE PHYSICALLY AGGRESSIVE
       • SPANISH STUDENTS
         • MORE VERBALLY AGGRESSIVE
       • MALES MORE VERBAL AND HOSTILITY
       • BOTH GENDER SAME ANGER LEVEL
     • CONCLUSION
       • STEREOTYPES
         • SPANISH EXPRESSIVE
         • JAPANESE CALM?
       • SUPPORTS MALES MORE AGGRESSIVE
         • DUE TO UPBRINGING AND HORMONES
     • EVALUATION
       • STRENGTHS
         • QUANTITATIVE DATA
           • OBJECTIVE
         • ETHICAL STUDY
           • VOLUNTEER SAMPLE
           • INFORMED CONSENT
       • WEAKNESSES
         • QUESTIONNAIRE
           • HALO EFFECT
           • CAN LIE
             • WHAT YOU SAY DIFFERENT WHAT YOU DO
         • ALL PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS
           • GUESSED AIM OF STUDY

6. CONTENT ANALYSIS

   • MEASURES THE NUMBER TIMES
     • A BEHAVIOUR OR EVENT OCCURS
   • CAN BE
     • TELEVISION
     • COMPUTER GAME
     • BOOKS
     • NEWSPAPER
     • MAGAZINES
     • SONG LYRICS
   • LIST BEHAVIOURAL CATEGORIES
     • TALLY
       • IF RELIABLE
         • EACH RESEARCHER SAME TALLY NUMBER
   • SAMPLING
     • NOT JUST ONE PROGRAMME
       • SINCE IT WOULD BE UNREPRESENTATIVE AND BAISED

7. ETHICAL GUIDLINES

   • PROTECTION OF PARTICIPANTS
     • SAME AS EVERY DAY STRESS
   • CONSENT
     • PRESUMTIVE
   • RIGHT TO WITHDRAW
     • SAY YOU CAN CAN LEAVE
   • DECEPTION
     • DEBRIEF
     • COUNSELLING AFTERWARDS
   • COMPETENCE
     • CHECK WITH OTHERS
   • ANDERSON AND DILL ETHICAL?
     • YES
       • PROTECTION FROM HARM
         • SHORT BLASTS OF NOISE (0.5-1.75 SEC, 55 dB)
     • NO
       • DECEPTION
         • NO INFORMED CONSENT
       • EMBARASSED FOR BEHAVIOUR

8. ANDERSON AND DILL (2000)

   • AIM
     • DOES PLAYING VIDEO GAMES CAUSE AGGRESSION
   • PROCEDURE
     • LABORTAORY
     • 210 PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS
     • INDEPENDENT GROUPS
     • IV - GAME PLAYED
       • AGGRESSIVE
         • WOLFENSTEIN 3D
       • NON AGGRESSIVE
         • MYST
     • TOLD MOTOR SKILLS TEST
     • PLAYED GAME 15 MIN
       • THEN REACTION TEST
         • AGAINST OPPNENT
   • RESULTS
     • MORE AGGRESSION SHOWN WITH VIOLENT GAME
       • MEASURED BY LOUDNESS AND DURATION
         • WHITE NOISE
     • FEAMALES MORE AGRESSIVE
   • CONCLUSION
     • MADE PEOPLE THINK AGGRESSIVELY
   • EVALUATION
     • STRENGTHS
       • LAB
         • WELL CONTROLLED
         • CAUSE AND EFFECT
         • RELIABLE
         • JUSTIFICATION TO AGE RATING
     • WEAKNESSES
       • MAY HAVE GUESS AIM
       • FALSE ENVIRONMENT
       • PP NOT INFOMRED
       • DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
       • UNREALISTIC AGGRESSION

9. CHARLTON ET AL (2000) ST HELENA

   • AIM
     • EFFECTS OF TV ON CHILDREN
   • PROCEDURE
     • OBSERVE BEHAVIOUR BEFORE AND AFTER
     • NATURAL EXPERIMENT
       • IV - TV
     • QUESTIONNAIRES
     • INTERVIEW
     • OBSERVATIONS
     • CONTENT ANALYSIS
   • RESULTS
     • LITTLE DIFFERENCE
   • CONCLUSION
     • TV DOESN´T INCREASE AGGRESSION
     • DUE TO TIGHT COMMUNITY
   • EVALUATION
     • STRENGTHS
       • ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY
         • NATURAL EXPERIMENT
       • COVERT OBSERVATION
         • CHILDREN DIDN´T KNOW BEING FILMED
           • ACTED NATURALLY
     • WEAKNESSES
       • DIDN´T WANT TO GIVE BAD IMPRESSION
       • NOT ALL CHANNELS
         • LESS VIOLENT PROGRAMMES

10. WILLIAMS ET AL (1981)

    • AIM
      • BEHAVIOUR BEFORE AND AFTER TV
    • PROCEDURE
      • MEASURE
        • PLAYGROUND AGGRESSION
        • LEISURE ACTIVITIES
        • IQ
        • CREATIVITIY AND READING ABILITY
      • 3 GROUPS
        • NOTEL
          • NO TV
        • UNITEL
          • 1 CHANNEL
        • MULTITEL
          • MANY
    • RESULTS
      • 2X AGGRESSIVE AFTER TV
      • SPENT 50% LESS LEISURE TIME
      • GREATER GENDER DIFFERENCES
      • LESS CREATIVITY
      • LOWER IQ
      • BIGGEST DIFFERENCE IN NOTEL
    • CONCLUSION
      • TV DOES INCREASE AGGRESSION
      • REDUCES LEISURE TIME
      • LOWERS CREATIVITY AND IQ
    • EVALUATION
      • STRENGTHS
        • NATURAL EXPERIMENT
        • COMPARISONS BEFORE AND AFTER
        • CHILDREN USED TO OBSERVERS
          • NATURAL BEHAVIOUR OBSERVED
      • WEAKNESSES
        • NO CONTROL OVER TV
        • POSSIBLE OBSERVER BIAS

11. COMPARING CHARLTON AND WILLIAMS

    • SIMILARITIES
      • NATURAL EXPT.
      • REAL COMMUNITIES
      • NO TV BEFORE STUDY
    • DIFFERENCES
      • ISLAND V TOWN
      • COMMUNITIES
      • PARENTING STYLES
      • CULTURE

12. BECOMING AN ED PSYCH

    • WORK FOR
      • LOCAL AUTHORITY
      • PRIVATE SCHOOL
      • SELFL EMPLOYEED
    • SKILLS
      • COMMUNICATION
      • EMPATHETIC LISTERNER
    • QUALIFICATIONS
      • PSYCHOLOGY DEGREE
      • EXPERIENCE
      • MASTERS DEGREE
      • DOCTORATE
      • CPD
        • EXTRA TRAINING
        • CHARTERED

13. ED PSYCH AND ANGER MAMAGEMENT

    • MAKE OBSERVATIONS
    • GATHER INFORMATION
    • HELP TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

14. WATERSHED

    • 9PM
      • PARENT´S CONFIDENT OF CONTENT
    • MORAL CENSORSHIP
      • HARMFUL TO OTHERS
      • BBFC
        • CATEGORIES PROGRAMMES VIDEO GAMES
          • MILD VIOLENCE
          • MILD HORROR
          • 18
      • GOVERNMENT
        • AUTHORITARIAN
          • NO PUBLIC SAY
        • PATERNALISTIC
          • INTERESTS OF THE PUBLIC
    • FOR
      • Enter text here

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