Learning Theory and Instructional Methods

Learning Theory and Instructional Methods

1. Behaviourism

   • What/Actions/Skills
     • Pre-assesment
     • Task Analysis
     • Practice
       • Testing
       • Quizzing
     • Feedback
       • Positive
         • Rewards
       • Negative
     • Cues and Reinforcement
       • Simple to complex
     • Transfer: generalized: can do
     • direct instruction

2. Cognitivism

   • Constructivism
     • Why
       • create meaning from experience
         • authentic tasks
           • games
           • simulations
           • role play
         • meaningful assignments
         • divergent thinking
           • brainstorming
           • brain writing
       • Present information in Different Ways
         • revisiting content
         • Observation
       • Problem solving different ways
         • pattern recognition
         • apprenticeship
         • Online Collaborative Learning (OCL)
           • group work
             • asynchronous discussion
           • peer review
           • Idea generating
             • Idea Organanzing
               • Intellectual Convergence
                 • Possible Application
         • PBL
         • Debate
         • Community of Inquiry
           • cogniitive presence
             • trigger
               • exploration
                 • integration
                   • resolution
           • social presence
             • Open communication
               • group cohesion
                 • personal projection
           • teaching presence
             • Design and Organization
               • Facilitating discourse
                 • Direct instruction
           • discussion
           • pragmatic inquiry
       • reality of the learner
         • journal
         • Metacognition
   • How/Thinking
     • Reasoning
     • Problem Solving
       • Critical Thinking
         • high order thinking questions
         • dialogue
         • self reflection techniques
         • discussion board
     • Transfer when can use in different situations
     • Active learning
       • feedback
     • Structuring, Organizing, Sequencing
       • Outlining
       • Summarizing
       • Synthesizing
     • Making connections
       • Concept maps
     • Scaffolding
     • ELearning Theory
       • Chunking
         • no overload!
       • media + text
   • Cognitive Theory of Mulitmedia Learning
     • Dual channel
     • working memory

3. Connectivism

   • Computers!
   • Social networks
   • Research
     • Internet literacy
   • unlearn/Relearn
     • Know what is valid, current!
     • constant learning

4. Motivation

   • Intrinsic!
     • ARCS
       • Attention
         • surprise!
         • inquiry
       • relevance
         • choice
       • confidence
       • satisfaction
     • Self Determination
       • autonomy
       • competence
       • relatedness