Anna’s out of breath

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Mindmap am Anna’s out of breath, erstellt von mohammed mansour am 14/10/2017.
mohammed mansour
Mindmap von mohammed mansour, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
mohammed mansour
Erstellt von mohammed mansour vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Anna’s out of breath
  1. Anatomy of the mediastinum
    1. Physiology of the respiratory system
      1. Lung Volumes and Capacities
        1. Inspiration and Expiration
        2. Cough
          1. Types
            1. -Dry Cough -Croup Cough -Wet Cough -Whooping Cough
            2. Mechanism
              1. The cough reflex has 5 components: 1) cough receptors 2) afferent nerves 3) coughhh center 4) efferent nerves 5) effector muscles
                1. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, creating a negative pressure around the lung. Air rushes into the lungs in order to equalise the pressure.
              2. Respiratory causes of dyspnea
                1. Acute
                  1. asthma attack, pneumothorax, pneumonia, pneumonia, allergic reaction
                  2. Chronic
                    1. interstitial lung disease, lung tumor & COPD
                    2. Wheezing
                      1. Whistling sound made while breathing, and often associated with difficulty breathing. it may occur during expiration or inspiration.
                        1. Causes
                          1. Inflammation, Allergies, Anaphylaxis, Asthma, COPD
                        2. Allergies
                          1. Allergic response to outdoor or indoor allergens
                            1. pollens, pet hair, dust, smoke
                            2. Eczema
                              1. Hay fever
                                1. Sneezing & watery nose, red itching eyes, cough
                            3. COPD
                              1. A group of diseases characterized by chronic or recurrent obstruction to the airflow
                                1. Chronic Bronchitis
                                  1. Persistent productive cough not attributable to other causes on most days for at least 3 months over 2 consecutive years
                                  2. Emphysema
                                    1. Chronic lung disease characterized by permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls but without obvious fibrosis
                                    2. Asthma
                                      1. Chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder characterized by episodic reversible bronchospasm
                                        1. Extrinsic
                                          1. type I hypersensitivity reaction induced by exposure to an extrinsic antigen.
                                            1. IgE mediated
                                          2. Intrinsic
                                            1. Aspirin, pulmonary infections, Psychological stress, Exercise , Inhaled irritants
                                              1. Triggering mechanisms are non-immune
                                        2. Investigations
                                          1. *Approach considerations *Blood and sputum eosinophils *Serum IgE *Arterial blood gas *Periostin *Pulse oximetry assessment *Allergy skin testing *Pulmonary function testing *Peak flow test *Histologic findings
                                          2. Management of asthma
                                            1. Naturopathy?
                                              1. Quitting smoking
                                              2. Importance of regular checkups
                                                1. -prevention is better than cure -Health issues affect one’s life -Healthcare providing costs
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