Natural and Tectonic Hazards- Geo MindMap

Definition. of a hazard, differences and types of hazards
1. Definition: A perceived natural event which has the potential to threaten both life and property. It can only become§ a hazard if our lives are at right.
2. Types with Examples
  1. Tectonic: Movement of the earth's plate and internal change. E.g. Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Volcanic eruption.
  2. Atmospheric: Weather and climate are involved. E.g Hurricanes, Flooding and Tornados.
  3. Geomorphological: Related to surface process. E.g Mud Slides, Avalanches and Quicksand.
  4. Biological: Involving living organisms. E.g. Wildfires and Bushfires.
3. Differences of Hazards: Areas impacted, warning signs, scales impact, duration, a speed of set and regularity.
World Risk Index Vulnerability (Worst outcome of something happening) to natural disasters.
1. Describe: I can tell the central Africa experiences high to a very high vulnerability to natural disasters. Also in Southeast Asia can experience can medium to high vulnerability of natural disasters. However, North America, Western European and Australia can experience low to very low vulnerability to natural disasters to happen.
  1. Explain: Central Africa are more vulnerable to get disasters because they have fewer people who are educated, less prevention and are a LEDC Country. Whilst Southeast Asia such as Japan they have money meaning to put in place on their infrastructure e.g stronger buildings, to stand up to the worse of earthquakes, even they can not be fully prepared for a tsunami and the devasting effects expect early warning system.
Risk and Vulnerability Definition
1. Risk: The probability of a hazard event occurring and creating a loss of lives and livelihoods.
2. Vulnerability: How exposed you may be or how exposed an area can be. The tendency of place, group or society.
The Earth structure.
1. Asthenosphere: Is a low-velocity layer and is a solid with plastic parts, it moves slowly.
2. Lithosphere: A rigid zone of the crust and is the top part of the upper mantle. It's broken into plates and carried on a less rigid mantle is close to melting.
3. Upper Mantle: Has a solid silicate called peridotite, which lies in of Asthenosphere whilst the part is in the Lithosphere
4. Inner Core: Solid of iron and Nickelm where they it's constant radioactive heat made.
5. Lower Mantle: Is a solid silicate material an is increased in pressure and temperature.
6. Outer Core: Liquid nickel layer and where earth's electromagnetic is made.
7. Crust: Has two types of rocks mainly granite and basalt at different densities but both are rigid
Plate Boundaries.
1. Constructive Margin: When two plates move apart from each other and magma comes out. E.g. Iceland, here new land is made.
2. Destructive Margin: Is when one plate goes under the other way. Making magma to push out the surface. E.g The Andes where the Nazca plate subducts under South America.
3. Conservative Margin: Where two plates slide next to each other, This can be the same direction or opposite. Only make shallow earthquakes. E.g San Andreas.
Nepal Earthquake
1. When, How and Where: 25th April 2015, 11:56 PM local time (GMT) last 2 minutes. The waves were felt 13 meters away. Happened near the capital Katmandu. Plate boundaries involved Indo-Australian and the Eurasian plate (collision margin)
2. Short term and long term effects.
  1. Long-term: The overall damage had costed the Nepal government around $10 billion nearly half it's domestic product of $19.2 billion.
  2. Short term: 1 million people were homeless. Water, food and supply were reduced due to the earthquake. 352 aftershock after a second earthquake. Some historic buildings were destroyed.
3. Aid: Internationa;l help such as the red cross helped evacuate the people who were hurt or badly injured to safety.

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