Nadia burns her hand

Nadia burns her hand

1. Innate Immunity

   • First line of defense
     • Chemical & biochemical inhibitors
     • Anatomic barriers
       • Skin
         • Layers
           • Hypodermis
           • Dermis
           • Epidermis
         • Contents
           • Sensory nerves
           • Hair follicles
           • Blood vessels
           • Sweat & sebaceous glands
         • Functions
           • Protection
           • Regulates body temperature
           • Fat, glucose, water, & salt storage
       • Mucous coat
       • Coughing & sneezing reflex
       • Blinking reflex & tears
     • Normal bacterial flora
       • Microbiota
         • Roles
           • Digestion of food
           • Vitamin synthesis
           • Prevent colonization of pathogenic bacteria
         • Location
           • Stomach, intestine, skin
         • Opportunistic
   • Second line of defense
     • Soluble factors
     • Cells
       • Natural killer cells
       • Phagocytes
     • Inflammatory barrier

2. Necrosis

   • Always pathological
   • Requires medical treatment
   • Irreversible cell injury followed by cell death
   • Types
     • Fibrinoid
     • Coagulative
     • Liquefactive
     • Caseous
     • Fat
     • Gangrenous

3. Acute Inflammation

   • Phases
     • Vascular
     • Cellular
   • Causes
     • INFECTIONS
       • Local
       • Systemic
     • Trauma
     • Immune reactions
     • Tissue necrosis
     • Foreign bodies
   • Cardinal signs
     • Redness
     • Swelling
     • Hotness
     • Pain
     • Loss of function
     • Systemic effects
       • Fever
       • Malaise
       • Loss of appetite
       • Leukocytosis

4. Antibiotics

   • Sensitivity
   • Resistance
     • Changing the target
     • Destroying the antibiotic by ENZYMES
     • Efflux pump
     • Acquiring it from another bacteria
       • Transduction
       • Conjugation
       • Transformation
   • Types
     • Bacteriostatic
     • Bactericidal
   • Mechanism of action
     • Alteration of cell membranes
     • Antimetabolites activity
     • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
     • Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
     • Inhibition of protein synthesis

5. Wound Swab

   • Culturing bacteria

6. Burns

   • Types
     • Friction
     • Radiation
     • Heat/Thermal
     • Chemical
     • Electrical
   • Degree
     • 1st: Epidermis only
     • 2nd: Partial thickness burn; epidermis, dermis, & hypodermis
     • 3rd: Full thickness burn; all layers + nerve endings are damaged
     • 4th: Beyond skin
     • Management
       • Wound closure
       • Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
       • Estimate surface area
     • Psychological Aspects
       • Causes of distress
         • Worries about the future
         • Physical discomfort
         • Thinking & reliving the event
         • Concerns about public reaction

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap