An unimmunized child

An unimmunized child

1. organisms

   • may effect
     • host
       • steps of infection
         • Attachment to Host
           • Invasion
             • Colonization and Growth
               • Adaptation
                 • Shedding From Body
                   • Cause Damage in Host
                     • by
                       • Endotoxin
                         • example
                           • E.coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella
                       • exotoxin
                         • example
                           • Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes
   • can be
     • normal flora
       • in the lungs
         • Prevotella
         • Sphingomonas
         • Pseudomonas
         • Veillonella
         • Streptococcus
         • Staphylococcus
         • Acinetobacter
         • Fusobacterium
         • Megasphaera
     • harmful
       • In the lung
         • Moraxella catarrhalis
         • Haemophilus influenza
         • Streptococcus pneumoniae
       • bordetela pertusis
         • causes
           • Whooping cough
             • complication
               • Encephalopathy
               • Apnea
               • Convulsions
               • Pneumonia
               • Rib fractures
               • Death
               • Loss of bladder control
             • symptomes
               • Sneezing
               • Runny nose
               • Low fever
               • Mild coughing
                 • cough reflex
                   • phases
                     • inspiratory phase
                     • Compressive phase
                     • expiratory phase
       • Prevention
         • vaccine
           • Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease. Vaccines cause immunization but there are other ways in which the process can occur
           • types
             • ATTENUATED VACCINES
               • contain a version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause disease
                 • Measles, mumps, rubella
             • INACTIVATED VACCINES
               • Scientists produce inactivated vaccines by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation.
                 • Polio , Hepatitis A
             • TOXOID VACCINES
               • These vaccines are used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness.
                 • Diphtheria, tetanus
             • SUBUNIT VACCINES
               • Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system
                 • Hepatitis B, Influenza A & B
             • CONJUGATE VACCINES
               • If a bacterium possesses an outer coating of sugar molecules called polysaccharides, as many harmful bacteria do, researchers may try making a conjugate vaccine for it
                 • Neisseria , Streptococcus pneumoniae
             • DNA VACCINES
               • Once the genes from a microbe have been analyzed, scientists could attempt to create a DNA vaccine against it
                 • AIDS
             • Type of admistration
               • myth
                 • characteristics of good vaccine
           • causes
             • immunization
               • epidimiology
                 • disease outbreak
                   • is the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area or season
                 • Epidemic
                   • is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time
                 • Pandamic
                   • is an infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide
               • types
                 • Active
                   • natural
                     • bacterial or viral invasion
                   • artificial
                     • Vaccine
                 • Passive
                   • natural
                     • From mother to child
                   • artificial
                     • Antibodies
               • A vaccine is a product that produces immunity from a disease and can be administered in a variety of ways
               • schadual
               • Herd immunity
       • Treatment and management
         • Complementary
           • If a non-mainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine
         • Alternative
           • If a non-mainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine
         • preventative
           • Primal and Primodial prevention / Primary prevention / Secondary prevention / Tertiary prevention / Quaternary prevention

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