Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Quit smoking
(Lung cancer)
- Anatomy (Lymph nodes)
- Types of lung cancer
- NSCLC (85%)
- SCLC (15%)
- Signs and symptoms
- Hemoptysis
- Respiratory causes
- Mainly bronchitis, Pneumonia,
Lung cancer, Lung abscess,
Bronchiectasis, Pulmonary
embolism, Pulmonary edema.
- Cardiovascular causes
- - Congestive HF
- Mitral stenosis
- Bleeding disorders
- Cough (75%)
Weight loss (40%)
Chest pain (40%)
Dyspnea (20%)
- Bone pain, CNS
changes, Jaundice,
Lumps near the
surface of the body.
- Horner syndrome, Superior vena cava
syndrome, Paraneoplastic syndromes.
- Can cause
- Mediastinal shift
- is the deviation of
the mediastinal
structures towards
one side of the chest
cavity.
- Causes
- Smoking, Exposure to certain
substances (Radon, asbestos,),
Hereditary causes, Air
pollution, Radiation.
- Pathogenesis
- TSG Inactivation
- Oncogene Activation
- Telomerase Activation
- Evasion of Apoptosis
- Angiogensis
- Immune response
- !- CYTOTOXIC T
LYMPHOCYTES
(CD8)
2- NATURAL
KILLER CELLS
(NK)
- Metastasis
- The development of
secondary malignant
growths at a distance
from a primary site
of cancer.
- Lymph
nodes,
Bones,
Brain
Liver,
Adrenal
gland.
- Physical examination
- General appearance >>
Vital signs >> Chest >>
Skeletal >> Head and
neck >> Extremities
- investigations
- Blood Count, Chest Imaging, PET Scan, Sputum cytology,
Bronchoscopy, Biopsy, Mediastinoscopy, Spirometry, Gene
mutation testing, Estimation of hormones, Staining.
- Management
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Neoadjuvant, Primary or Adjuvant