Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Ch 1:
Introduction
- Matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Plasma
- Bose Einstein Condensate
- Types of Matter
- Elements
- Elements Make Compounds
- Mixtures are combinations of Compounds and/or Elements
- Mixtures can be separated by simple physical means
- Law of Constant Composition
- The relative Masses of elements are
fixed in a given chemical substance.
- H20: Ratio is always 1:8
- Compounds need chemical reactions to make/break.
- 118 Elements of the Periodic Table
- Ms. Gupta's Matter Chart
- Is it uniform throughout?
- No
- Heterogenous Mixture
- Lucky Charm's Cereal
- Yes
- Homogenous Mixture
- Does it have variable composition?
- No
- Pure Substance
- Can it be separated into smaller units?
- Yes: One of 118 Elements
- No: Compound
- Yes
- Homogenous Mixture (Solution)
- Separation of Mixtures Techniques
- Hand Seperation
- Homogenous/Heterogenous Mixture
- Physical Properties should be visually discernible.
- Filtration
- Sieve used to separate Precipitate (Solid) from Liquid
- Heterogenous Mixtures
- Separatory Funnel
- Separate Immiscible Liquids
- Shake & Sit to let layers separate by density, retrieve each layer separately.
- Centifugation
- Separates particles of Different Mass
- The greater the mass, the farther away from
the center the particle; forms a gradient.
- Distillation
- Separate Homogenous mixtures with different Boiling Points
- Separate Salt from water, or use
EVAPORATION, poor man's distillation
- Temperature must be constant to gather each substance (liquid)
- Chromatography
- Use two "phases", a mobile phase (ex. water) and a stationary phase (ex. paper)
- Separate Inks in Ink Mixture
- Uses affinity of each ink to phase (solid/liquid) to separate inks
- RF Factor
- Fingerprint of Ink; acquired from distance(s) ink(s) traveled.
- Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties
- Size
- Color
- Texture
- Mass
- Boiling Point
- Density
- Volume
- Energy
- Chemical Properties
- Flammability
- Corrosiveness
- Reactivity with Acid
- Intensive properties
- Independent of amount of mass
- Density, boiling point, color
- Extensive Properties
- Dependent on amount of mass
- Mass, Volume, Energy
- Law of Multiple Proportions
- The masses of each element which combines with a fixed
mass of another element are always in a ratio of whole #s.
- Measurement: Metric System
- Mass: Kilograms (kg)
- Length: Meters (m)
- Electric Current: Amperes (A)
- Temperature: Kelvins (K; C+273)
- Amount: Mol
- Significant Digits
- Dimensional Analysis