Editing

Editing

1. definition

   • coordination of one shot with the next
     • shot consists of many frames
       • editor edits (cuts superflous/adds) frames
         • transitions done by:
           • fade out (darkens shot)
           • fade in (lightens shot)
           • dissolve
           • wipe
           • gradually
         • abrupt

2. relations between shots

   • graphic relations
     • graphic continuity is typical
       • discontinuous editing around faces/of colors
         • to stress difference/conflict
   • rhythmic relations
     • editing determines the duration of each shot
       • lengthening shots can gradually slow the tempo
         • while successively shorter shots can accelerate it (action movies)
   • spatial relations
     • spacial manipulation through editing
       • shot A: group of people, shot B: one person
         • shot A: one city, shot B: different city
           • Kuleshov effect: in absence of est. shot viewer perceives whole space despite only seeing a component of it
             • parallel editing/cross-cutting editing: used to show that action takes place in different places
   • temporal relations
     • manipulation of events leads to changes in story-plot relations
       • flashbacks
       • flash forward
       • elliptical editing
         • presents action in a way that it consumes less time than in reality

3. C) continuity editing - 180 system - invisible editing

   • continuity - to not disorient the viewer
     • almost always respect the 180 degree line or the axis of action (half cricle)
       • A,B,C OK; D is not
       • relative positions of people remain constant
         • constant eye line: (right side camera): boy -> girl: boy in background/girl in foreground
           • boy looks at her (towards the left)
             • and vice versa
         • keeps screen direction constant
           • e.g. when girl walks from the left to the right
       • establishing shot: shows the entire space
         • next ones: 180 degree line gets established
           • reversed shot: shot of the opposite end of the 180 degree line
             • eyeline match: shot sb looks at sth off-screen; shot B reveals what it is
               • re-establishing shot: reestablishes the space that was analyzed into shots
         • match on action: carries movement across the break btw 2 shots
       • exceptions
         • shot ON the line itself (action moves twd the camera)
           • beyond the line, but still not provoking confusion

4. A) composition

   • asymmetrical composition
     • the golden rectangle

5. B) the rule of three

   • simplification of the golden rectangle
     • division of image into 3 parts -> protagonist in the center
       • interviewer: put into center, glancing at audience
         • interviewed person: put on sidelines, NOT looking at audience