Fracture in the arm

Fracture in the arm

1. Bones

   • Histologic POV of bones
     • Bone cells
       • Osteogenic
       • Osteoblast
       • Osteocyte
       • Osteoclast
     • Bone matrix
       • Organic
       • inorganic
     • Covering layers
       • Periosteum
       • endosteum
   • classifications
     • By shape
       • Long short Flat irregular sesamoid
     • By density
       • Compact
       • spongy
   • anatomy of elbow bones
   • elbow joint
     • anatomy
       • anatomy of muscles
     • physiology
       • Flexion & Extension
     • Hinge synovial
   • Ossification
     • Endochondral Ossification

2. Injury

   • first aid for injury
     • Dont move the person! Stop any bleeding.  Immobilize the injured area.  Apply ice packs Treat for shock
   • physical and clinical examination
     • Neurological examination
     • The level of reflex
   • fractures
     • Immobilization Rehabilitation
       • Bandage cast split Plaster-of-Paris
       • Reduction
     • Diagnosis
       • A good x-ray
         • Density
         • Sharpness
         • Contrast
         • Magnification
     • Types
     • Management of Fracture
       • Closed Fracture
         • Reduction
           • Closed Reduction
       • Opened Fracture
         • Wound Cleaning & Closure
         • Stabilization (Splints, casts, fixators)
         • Surgical fixation
         • Supplementary Treatment (prophylactic antibiotics, tetanus toxoid)
   • healing
     • Factors affecting healing duration
       • Type of bone, age, mobility at fracture site: Infection, Disturbance of blood supply: Pattern of fracture: Nutrition: Drugs
     • process
     • Nerve Regeneration
   • Clinical presentation
     • Swelling or bruising Deformity Pain Loss of function
   • Treatment
     • physiotherapy
     • Psychological
   • Complications
     • compartment syndrome

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