Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Speaking: Air pollution
- Prop: conscious / aware in Madrid
- It´s hard to get used to smog ( smoky fog) if you´re never lived in a city
- Causes
- toxic fumes of diesel cars
Anmerkungen:
- ammonia emissions from farming, wood, and coal fires
Anmerkungen:
- Tyre burning
Anmerkungen:
- Open rubbish dumps
Anmerkungen:
- Rubbish tip = garbage dump
tip = dump (vaciar)
- Dust from construction sites
- Consequences
- restrictions in traffic circulation
- Madrid had to declare an
emergency and banned traffic for
several days over Christmas
- Because of several Madrid areas
breached = broke their annual
limits for nitrogen dioxide
- not running in open air areas
- Worsen health public condition: heart and
respiratory diseases, blood vessel conditions,
strokes, lung cancers, and other long-term illnesses
Anmerkungen:
- worsen = get worse
blood vessel (vaso sanguíneo)= vein, artery or capillary
- Madrid lifted partial car ban as pollution eases
Anmerkungen:
- Madrid lifted an unprecedented ban on half of most
private cars, as pollution in the Spanish capital ease up
(be less severe).
- A day earlier and for the first time in Spain, authorities decided to implement a measure already used
in other cities abroad by ordering vehicles with even-number registration plates to drive on
even-number days and cars with odd-number plates on odd-number days.
- The measure took effect one day (on Thursday) but it was short-lived. Because in a tweet, Madrid city hall
said it had lifted the partial ban from Friday "given the improvement in NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and
(weather) forecasts".
- The partial ban on cars is activated when levels of harmful NO2 (nitrogen
dioxide) go extremely high and if the air is unlikely to clear imminently.
- There are exceptions to the ban, such as for mopeds ( motorbikes), those
carrying three people or more or used by disabled people.
- Buses, taxis, emergency vehicles are also exempt (excluded, excused)
- But city hall said that some restrictions, such as a ban on parking in the city centre for non-residents,
would continue as pollution levels had still not come down to satisfactory levels.
- Solutions
- encourage to use public transport
- collect public funds
- It was inevitable in places like Madrid in the
19th century, when health wasn´t considered
so important; but today, it is irresponsible to
allow it, and the argument of economic
development is not valid. We need to develop
a different culture in our cities. We need
much better public policies.
- Heavy investment in renewable energy has improved air quality in some areas
- we need much better public policies