quantum phenomena

quantum phenomena

1. the photoelectric effect

2. collisions of electrons with atoms

3. energy levels in atoms

   • lowest energy state of an atom = ground state. when an atom in ground state absorbs energy - one electron moves to a higher energy shell = excited state.
   • de-excitation
     • electron configuration in an excited atom is unstable because there is one less electron in the shell it left - so the space is filled by an electron on that outwe shell. this results in the electron emitting a photon - the electron moves to a lower energy level - de-excitation
       • photon energy = energy lost by electron/atom.
         • when an electron moves from energy level E1 to a lower energy level E2, then:
           • energy of emitted photon, hf = E1 - E2
   • excitation using photons
     • an electron can absorb a photon and move to an outer shell - only if the photons energy = difference between final and initial energy levels in that atom.
   • fluorescence

4. energy levels and spectra

5. wave particle duality

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