Cerebral stem

Cerebral stem

1. CRANIAL NERVERS

   • Olfactory
     • Function
       • Smell
     • Apparent origin
       • At the level of the olfactory bulb
     • Hole
       • Cribriform plate
   • Optic
     • Function
       • Vision
     • Apparent origin
       • Ganglionar layer of the retina
     • Hole
       • Optic canal
   • Oculomotor
     • Function
       • 4 extrinsic eye muscles and levator palpebrae superioris. Pupillary sphincter
     • Apparent origin
       • anteromedial to the cerebral peduncle
     • Hole
       • Superior orbital fissure
   • Trochlear
     • Function
       • Superior oblique
     • Apparent origin
       • Posterolateral face of the pons at the level of the inferior colliculus
     • Hole
       • Superior orbital fissure
   • Trigeminal
     • Ophthalmic
       • Function
         • Scalp, forehead and nose
       • Apparent originn
         • On the pons side part by previous
       • Hole
         • Superior orbital fissure
     • Maxillary
       • Function
         • Cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate.
       • Apparent origin
         • On the pons side part by previous
       • Hole
         • F. rotundum
     • Mandibular
       • Hole
         • F. ovale
       • Appatent origin
         • On the pons side part by previous
       • Function
         • Anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth. Muscles of mastication.
   • Abducens
     • Function
       • Lateral rectus
     • Hole
       • Superior orbital fissure
     • Apparent origin
       • Pontobulbar groove
   • Facial
     • Function
       • Sensation to part of ext. ear. Taste from ant. 2/3 tongue, hard and soft palate. Muscles of facial expression. Lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands and mucous glands of mouth and nose
     • Apparent origin
       • Supraolivar fossa
     • Hole
       • Internal acoustic meatus > stylomastoid f.
   • Vestibulocochlear
     • Function
       • Hearing and balance
     • Apparent origin
       • Bulbous groove pontocerebellar angle
     • Hole
       • Internal acoustic meatus
   • Glossopharyngeal
     • Function
       • Post. 1/3 tongue, ext. ear, and middle ear cavity. Carotid body and sinus. Taste from post. 1/3 tongue. Parotic gland. Stylopharyngeus
     • Apparent origin
       • Dorsolateral sulcus
     • Hole
       • Jugular f.
   • Vagus
     • Function
       • Ext. ear, larynx and pharynx. Larynx, pharynx and, thoracic & abdominal viscera. Taste from epiglottis region of tongue. Smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of the GIT. Most muscles of pharynx and larynx.
     • Apparent origin
       • Dorsolateral sulcus
     • Hole
       • Jugular f.
   • Spinal accessory
     • Function
       • Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. A few fibres run with CNX to viscera.
     • Apparent origin
       • Dorsolateral sulcus
     • Hole
       • Jugular f.
   • Hypoglossal
     • Fucntion
       • Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except the palatoglossus).
     • Apparent origin
       • Dorsolateral sulcu
     • Hole
       • Hypoglossal canal

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