Literals

Literals

1. Literal Values

   • Integer Literals
   • Decimal Literals
   • Octal Literals: 06
   • Hexadecimal Literals: 0xFFFFl
   • Floating-Point Literals: 11301874.9881024
   • Boolean Literals: true, false
   • Character Literals: 'a', '\u004E'
   • String Literals: "Word"

2. Strings: Immutable Objects

   • special area of memory called the "String constant pool."
     • Existing Strings simply have additional references,
     • The reason why String is immutable and marked final is to not cause problems in the pool
   • String s = new String("abc"); // creates two objects, and one reference variable
   • StringBuffer and StringBuilder
     • Exactly the same API except StringBuilder is not thread safe: its methods are not synchronized: StringBuilder will run faster
     • StringBuilder append(String s)
     • StringBuilder insert(int offset, String s)
     • StringBuilder delete(int start, int end)
     • StringBuilder reverse()
     • String toString()
   • chained methods: x.concat("def").toUpperCase().replace('C','x')
   • String API
     • char charAt(int index)
     • String concat(String str)
     • int length()
     • boolean isEmpty()
     • String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
     • String substring(int beginIndex[, int endIndex])
     • String trim()
     • String to(Lower|Upper)Case()
     • boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString)