Parkinsons Disease

Parkinsons Disease

1. Degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra

   • lesion in
     • Basal Ganglia
       • Pathways
       • Result in Hypokinesia
   • lewy bodies

2. symptoms

   • Rigidity
   • Tremors
     • Types

3. PARKINSON’s DISEASE VS PARKINSONISM

4. Risk Factors

   • Gender
   • aging
   • ethnicity
   • genetics
   • trauma

5. Clinical features

6. Stages

   • 1: UNILATERAL tremor of on hand clumsy leg Rigidity one side of the face may be affected, impacting the expression
   • 2:BILATERAL Decreased Blinking Speech abnormalities Rigidity of muscle Both sides of the face affected, impacting the expression
   • 3: Loss of Balance Slowness of Movement
   • 4: may be able to walk and stand unassisted, but they are noticeably incapacitated.
   • 5: inability to rise from a chair or get out of bed without help have a tendency to fall when standing or turning freeze or stumble when walking hallucinations or delusions.

7. Pharmacological treatment

8. Epidemiology

   • second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease
   • 10 million people worldwide have Parkinson’s disease
   • Men are 1.5 times more likely to have Parkinson’s than women.

9. Psychotherapy

   • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
   • Interpersonal therapy
   • Behavioral therapy
   • Group therapy

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