Imunnology intro 2

Imunnology intro 2

1. Active and passive immunity

   • Vaccine induces active immunity in the host
     • Transfer of antibodies with a given specificity to an individual confers passive immunity
       • White blood cells ingest microorganisms and other foreign material, these cells are more activated in immunised animals, cells rather than serum are the major effector cell. This is known as Cell mediated immunity

2. Humoral vs Cell-mediated

   • Both are correct and required, Lymphocyte shown to be responsible for both.
     • T & B lymphocytes, T= Cell mediated and B= Humoral

3. Survival and the immune system= two lines of defence innate (mechanical and chemical barriers) and adaptive

   • Mechanical= skin and mucosal membranes. Chemical= stomach acid/perspiration/lysozyme in tears-attacks cell wall of bacteria
     • Animal/insect bites punture skin introducing diseases e. rabies/malaria. Burn victims need anti-bacterial and anti-fungal treatment

4. Innate immunity= most components present before infection, mechanisms not specific to pathogen- cellular & molecular components found on frequently encountered pathogens

5. Adaptive immunity= highly specific, recognizes+ selectively eliminates specific foreign microbes and molecules, responds to specif feature on a specif pathogen

6. Antigen= any substance that can evoke an immune response, can be bacteria,viruses or fungi that can cause infection and disease

   • Can also be substances called allergens that evoke allergic reactions e.g pollen,dust, animal dander, bee stings, certain foods & can be a molecule such as peptides, proteins and carbohydrates

7. Immune system challenges, prevent entry/infection, recognise diversity of potential pathogens, self from non-self recognition