Zusammenfassung der Ressource
GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1
- URBANISING WORLD
- Urbanisation trends
- why is most of future growth of cities likely to be in the developing world?
- Natural Increase : birth rate
is higher than death rate
- Rural to urban migration : people
moving from countryside to cities.
- megacities
- DEFINITIONS
- Megacity: a city with
other 10 million people
- conurbation: when 2 or more cities
merge together
- World city : cities which have
political and economical importance
- primate city : largest city in a
country or region
- Urban primacy : urban areas
with global importance and
influence which is greater than
their size
- informal sector
- Informal Sector :
unofficial economy.
People don't have
contracts or
employment right.
- MUMBAI
- INTRODUCTION
- Near the arabian
sea for trade
- easily
accessable
from different
areas in India
- Mumbai's site attracted the first
people to live here becoming an
issue because it is difficult to
expand due to the Arabian sea
- Mumbai's connectivity has fuelled the growth of its
economy and population because the railway connects
parts of Mumbai together and is easy for the population
to move to Mumbai. The railway has also helped
commuters to travel in and out the city each day. The
port has also helped Mumbai to help with trade.
- mumbai is a
megacity and a
world city
- Natural increase and rural to
urban migration has caused
mumbai to grow rapidly.
- migrants are usually young
(20-30 years) looking for work.
They usually stay in Mumbai
and once married start families.
Mumbai's natural increase has
increased 1.4% per year.
- rural areas have few jobs other than
agricultural. new farming techniques
also mean fewer farmers are
required. factors like these help to
'push' them away towards Mumbai.
- WHY WOULD PEOPLE MOVE TO MUMBAI?
- Job opportunites
- high expectations
- better connected
- closer/better health care
- better education - 95% literacy rate -
8% higher than average
- WHY DOES QUALITY OF
LIFE VARY IN THE
SLUMS? DHARAVI
- OPPORTUNITES
- 85% employment rate
- recycling - (80%) of plastic
- 'rag pickers' are needed to collect this plastic
which gives jobs and more employment to
people. They sell the rubbish to dealers for 2p
each
- some opportunities for wealth
- CHALLENGES
- unhygienic
- embarassment
- diseases and illnesses
- lots of hours - informal work
- low pay
- children have to work
- CHALLENGES CAUSES BY POPULATION GROWTH
- not much available space in education
- human waste
- pollution
- housing is low
- competition for houses
- unaffordable housing
- re-development
- living enviroments
- employment is low
- people moving to informal work
- healthcare is low
- STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE
- TOP-DOWN STRATEGY
- big, expensive infrastructure
projects managed and imposed by
goverment.
- BOTTOM-UP STRATEGY
- opposite to top-down strategy. non governmental
organisations (NGO's) work with local residents to come up
with community based solutions to quality of life challenges.