Solution Chemistry

Solution Chemistry

1. Solubility - The property of a substance to dissolve and form a homogeneous solution

   • Soluble – The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solution
   • Solute – the dissolved substance in a solution
   • Precipitate – a substance in solid form in a solution
   • Solvent – The substance into which the solute is dissolving
   • Aqueous Solution - A solution where the solvent is water
     • Ionic Solution - A solution that contains dissociated molecules
   • Hard Water - Water with a high mineral content
   • Solubility Product Constant -The equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution.
   • Relative Solubility - The extent to which a compound is soluble in relation to the other compounds in the solution

2. Conductivity – the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity

   • Ionic – pertaining to something carrying an electric charge
     • Anion - non-metal ions - Negative Charge
     • Cation - metal ions-positive
     • Ionization – the formation of or separating into of ions through heat, electrical discharge, radiation or chemical reaction
     • Common Ion - If the concentration of any one of the ions is increased, according to Le Chatelier's principle, the ions in excess should combine with the oppositely charged ions
     • Ionic Equation - Represents soluble ionic compounds as separated ions. Ex. -Ba2+ + 2 NO3- + Cu2+ + SO42- --> BaSO4(ppt) + Cu2+ + 2 NO3-
   • Electrolyte – A solution that conducts

3. Molarity – Number of Mols per Litre of Solution

   • Molecular - relating to or consisting of molecules
   • Dissociation –the process of separating the positive and negative ions - Nacl (aq)  Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

4. Saturation - The degree to which a solute will dissolve within a substance

   • Saturated Solution– A solution is saturated when no more solute will dissolve
   • Unsaturated Solution – the ability to dissolve more solute in the substance

5. Formula Equation - Shows the chemical formulas and states. Ex. CaCl2(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2 AgCl(s)

6. Solubility Equilibrium - A type of dynamic equilibrium: When a chemical in solid state is in equilibrium with the solution

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