Heartburn

Heartburn

1. Anatomy

   • Esophagus
   • Stomach

2. Swallowing

   • phases:
     • 1-Voluntary phase
     • 2-Pharyngeal phase
     • 3-esophageal phase

3. Gastric Acid Secretion

4. Differential Diagnosis of dysphagia

   • Oropharyngeal dysphagia
   • Esophageal Dysphagia
     • Neuromuscular disorders
       • Achalasia
     • Mediastinal Masses
       • Lymphadenophathy
     • GERD
       • Causes
         • LES decreased tone
         • Hiatal Hernia
       • DIAGNOSIS
         • Upper endoscopy
         • X-ray
       • Risk Factors
         • Obesity
         • Peptic Ulcer
         • Bad diet
         • Cigarette smoking
         • Aging
         • Alcohol
         • Increased histamine release
       • signs and symptoms
         • heartburn
         • Chest pain
         • Difficulty swallowing
         • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid
         • Sensation of a lump in your throat
       • Complications
         • bleeding
         • strictures
         • perforation
         • barret esophagus
           • Definition: metaplastic replacement of the normal squamous epithelium of the lower oesophagus by columnar epithelium.
       • Management
         • Lifestyle modifications
           • Elevation of bed head
           • Weight loss
           • Small frequent meals
           • No eating 3 hrs before sleeping
         • Medical Treatment
           • H2 Receptor antagonists
           • Proton Pump inhibitors

5. Helicobacter Pylori

   • it causes
     • gastritis
     • peptic ulcers
     • stomach cancer
   • Signs and Symptoms
     • Abdominal pain
     • Nausea
     • Loss of appetite
     • Bloating
   • Risk Factors
     • Living without a reliable supply of clean water
     • Living with someone who has an H. pylori infection
   • Diagnosis
     • Urea breath test
     • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
   • Treatment
     • Triple Therapy

6. Neoplasms of the Esophagus

   • SSC
   • Adenocarcenoma
     • Intestinal type
     • Diffuse type
   • Gastric polyps
   • Gastric lymphoma

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap