Exam Question 2

Exam Question 2

1. Week 9, Chp 16, 17, 18

2. Describe the Evolution of modern policing

   • Pre 1829 watchmen on the street
   • 1829 London Metropolitan police department first ever official. Patrol by foot with baton and whistle. Reactive. Based on deterrence through omnipresence, rapid response and patrols. Autocratic - had free hand. salaries, uniform, selection criteria, no firearm, detection, punishment, protect lives and property and public peace
     • London Bobby after creator Robert Peel.
   • Eventually began investigations
     • allowed for patrolling officers to get back to work after an incident. Let to specialist skills and squads
   • 1970's global crime boom led to pluralisation of policing. Develop independent bodies e.g.. security guards
     • Inquest by national crime authority was turning point
     • 80s and 90s saw more training and licensing for private personnelle after increased violence, fraud in alarm and patrol services, trade of confidential info, misses of firearms, insider crime
       • 80's local government increased interesting crime prevention and safety plans, cctv etc
     • Violent corruption peaked in 70s.
   • Traditional democratic model- reactive, deals with crime as it occurs, prone to corruption, no performance measures
   • Progressive Democratic Model: proactive community policing, problem orientated, intelligence led, comprehensive performance indicators/crime prevention, public access to info for accountability, research based
   • AFP: deals with big stuff, 1200 sworn in officers in QLD (some unsworn). Patrol, detective, specialist
   • Developed a triage system to asses priorities and developed call centres.
   • Technology drives change

3. What are the main limitations facing modern policing?

   • Employee Diversity: hire on quota vs merit
     • Traditional white men with weight and height restrictions
     • Indigenous disporportionate
   • More diverse needs as a community now e.g.; domestic abuse in homosexual relationships
   • Integrity Management: Managed by crime corruption commission in QLD
   • Misconduct: fabrication of evidence, bribes, assault, harassment, discrimination, neglect, internal corruption, favouritism, sexual harassment, fraud, personal use of equipment,
   • Neglect victims of abuse, racial discrimination, deaths from negligence, excessive force, shootings, reckless drivings, incompetence leading to wrongful convictions

4. Main Changes made

   • More diverse needs within the community
   • Proactive to reactive
   • Progressive vs Traditional Democratic
   • No longer autocratic
   • Modern Policing: 21% calls related to disturbance, 16% traffic matters, 8% general assistance, 155 from alarms or suspicious activity, 46 about crimes against a person
   • State based, plus territories and commonwealth (Afp) that does ACT and big crimes)
   • More flexible and family friendly
   • Pluralisation: 54060 private personnel, interact more with them than police, Australian protective service work with AFP
     • share same goal to reduce crime but ideologies differ: selective service to paying clients vs free and equal justice for all
   • Performance measures based on response and clearance rates
   • Community policing (80's): systemised community involvement
   • Problem Orientated Policing: research based strategic, annual reports, attention to international research, adress repeat offenders and hot spots, government accountability, crime reduction targets, response times, public perceptions of safety, caller satisfaction,
   • Reform programs/ infrastructure to counter natural tendency

5. Intro Info

   • protect from crime, help people feel safe, protect fundamental democratic models of freedom, security, safety and justice