Zusammenfassung der Ressource
High Risk Studies
- Twin studies: how large is the
genetic component of risk
- Schizophrenia
Riley & Kendler
2006
- 50% Monozygotic twins
17% Dizygotic
- Unipolar depression
Kamali &
McInnis 2011
- 46% Monozygotic
20% dizygotic
- Eating Disorder
Thornton et al 2011
- Anorexia 70%
monozygotic
20% dizygotic
- Bulimia 23%
monozygotic
9% dizygotic
- Substance abuse
Kaiji 1960
- Alcoholics 54%
monozygotic
28% dizygotic
- Adoption studies: are genetic
factors evident when shared
familial environment is
controlled? Nature/nurture debate
- Substance abuse
Cadoret et al 1995
- Adopted individuals
with alcoholic biological
parents show higher
rates of alcohoholism
than those with non
alcoholic biological
parents
- Schizophrenia Riley
& Kendler 2006
- 4.9% adopted
individuals with
schizophrenic
biological mothers
have schizophrenia
- 9.1% of adopted
individuals with
schizophrenic biological
mother developed a
schizophrenia spectrum
disorder eg: schizoid
- 1.1% of adopted individuals
with control mothers
developed schizophrenia
- Criticism
- Lack external
validity
- Twins have
different life
experience
- Very small
sample size
- Selective placement:
children matched to adopted
family/environment that
resembles biological
- Diagnosticians
vary
- A lot of disorders share
similar symptoms eg;
schizophrenia & bipolar
- Self fulfilling
prophecy
- Family studies: does risk
accumulate in relatives
- Schizophrenia
Riley & Kendler
2006
- 4.8%, lifetime morbid risk
of developing schizophrenia
10 times higher than
morbid risk of control
group relatives 0.5%
- Unipolar depression
Kamali &
McInnis 2011
- 20% of relatives were also
depressed compared to 10% of
the general population
- Eating disorder
Thornton et al 2011
- Relatives are 6 times
more likely to have/develop
an eating disorder